class defaultdict(dict):
    """Back compatible defaultdict: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/523034/
    """
    def __init__(self, default_factory=None, *a, **kw):
        if (default_factory is not None and
            not hasattr(default_factory, '__call__')):
            raise TypeError('first argument must be callable')
        dict.__init__(self, *a, **kw)
        self.default_factory = default_factory
    def __getitem__(self, key):
        try:
            return dict.__getitem__(self, key)
        except KeyError:
            return self.__missing__(key)
    def __missing__(self, key):
        if self.default_factory is None:
            raise KeyError(key)
        self[key] = value = self.default_factory()
        return value
    def __reduce__(self):
        if self.default_factory is None:
            args = tuple()
        else:
            args = self.default_factory,
        return type(self), args, None, None, self.items()
    def copy(self):
        return self.__copy__()
    def __copy__(self):
        return type(self)(self.default_factory, self)
    def __deepcopy__(self, memo):
        import copy
        return type(self)(self.default_factory,
                          copy.deepcopy(self.items()))
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'defaultdict(%s, %s)' % (self.default_factory,
                                        dict.__repr__(self))