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| date | Wed, 10 Nov 2021 15:15:50 +0000 |
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************************************************************************* * This is a program for protein sequence alignment using the standard * Needleman-Wunsch dynamic programming. The mutation matrix is from * PAM30 with gap openning penaly=-11 and gap extension panalty=-1. * The program can be freely copied and modified provided the notices * on the head are retained. Comments and bug report should be addressed * to Yang Zhang (Email: zhng@umich.edu). Last update is in 2010/08/03. * * Instructions: * 1, the program can be compiled by * >gfortran -static -O3 -ffast-math -lm -o align align.f * 2, simply running the program will give a brief note on how to use it * 3, You can run the program in following convenient ways: * >align F1.fasta F2.fasta (align two sequences in fasta file) * >align F1.pdb F2.pdb 1 (align two sequences in PDB file) * >align F1.fasta F2.pdb 2 (align Sequence 1 in fasta and 2 in pdb) * >align GKDGL EVADELVSE 3 (align sequences typed by keyboard) * >align GKDGL F.fasta 4 (align Seq-1 by keyboard and 2 in fasta) * >align GKDGL F.pdb 5 (align Seq-1 by keyboard and 2 in pdb) ************************************************************************* program compares PARAMETER(ndim=6000) parameter(naa=24) !number of amino acid common/dpc/score(ndim,ndim),gap_open,gap_extn,j2i(ndim) & ,nseq1,nseq2 common/matra/imut(naa,naa) !b,z,x are additional integer seq1(ndim),seq2(ndim) character*10000 fnam1,fnam2,fnam3,fnam4 character*10000 s character*3 aa(naa),aanam character seqw(naa),upper character*100 du,ad character sequenceA(ndim),sequenceB(ndim),sequenceM(ndim) *---------------------- 24 amino acids --------------------- data aa/'ALA','ARG','ASN','ASP','CYS','GLN','GLU', & 'GLY','HIS','ILE','LEU','LYS','MET','PHE','PRO','SER', & 'THR','TRP','TYR','VAL','ASX','GLX','UNK','STOP'/ data seqw/'A','R','N','D','C','Q','E','G','H','I','L','K', & 'M','F','P','S','T','W','Y','V','B','Z','X','*'/ call getarg(1,fnam1) call getarg(2,fnam2) call getarg(3,fnam3) call getarg(4,fnam4) if(fnam1.eq.' ')then write(*,*)'align F1.fasta F2.fasta ', & '(align two sequences in fasta file)' write(*,*)'align F1.pdb F2.pdb 1 ', & '(align two sequences in PDB file)' write(*,*)'align F1.fasta F2.pdb 2 ', & '(align Sequence 1 in fasta and 2 in pdb)' write(*,*)'align GKDGL EVADELVSE 3 ', & '(align two sequences typed by keyboard)' write(*,*)'align GKDGL F.fasta 4 ', & '(align Sequence 1 by keyboard and 2 in fasta)' write(*,*)'align GKDGL F.pdb 5 ', & '(align Sequence 1 by keyboard and 2 in pdb)' goto 999 endif *1******* read sequences -------------------------> if(fnam3.eq.'5')then !direct, 555555555555555555 *** read sequence1: i=0 do k=1,10000 fnam1(k:k)=upper(fnam1(k:k)) do j=1,naa if(fnam1(k:k).eq.seqw(j))then i=i+1 seq1(i)=j goto 5 endif enddo if(fnam1(k:k).ne.'-')goto 55 !same time 5 continue if(i.ge.ndim)goto 55 enddo 55 continue nseq1=i *** read sequence2: open(unit=10,file=fnam2,status='old') i=0 do while (.true.) read(10,1,end=551) s if(i.gt.0.and.s(1:3).eq.'TER')goto 551 if(s(1:3).eq.'ATO')then if(s(13:16).eq.'CA '.or.s(13:16).eq.' CA '. & or.s(13:16).eq.' CA')then i=i+1 read(s,111)du,aanam do j=1,naa if(aanam.eq.aa(j))seq2(i)=j enddo endif endif if(i.ge.ndim)goto 551 enddo 551 continue close(10) nseq2=i elseif(fnam3.eq.'4')then !direct, 444444444444444444444444444 *** read sequence1: i=0 do k=1,10000 fnam1(k:k)=upper(fnam1(k:k)) do j=1,naa if(fnam1(k:k).eq.seqw(j))then i=i+1 seq1(i)=j goto 4 endif enddo if(fnam1(k:k).ne.'-')goto 44 4 continue if(i.ge.ndim)goto 44 enddo 44 continue nseq1=i *** read sequence2: open(unit=10,file=fnam2,status='old') i=0 do while(.true.) read(10,1,end=443)s if(s(1:1).eq.'>')goto 442 do k=1,10000 s(k:k)=upper(s(k:k)) do j=1,naa if(s(k:k).eq.seqw(j))then i=i+1 seq2(i)=j goto 441 endif enddo if(s(k:k).ne.'-')goto 442 !same time 441 continue enddo 442 continue if(i.ge.ndim)goto 443 enddo 443 continue close(10) nseq2=i elseif(fnam3.eq.'3')then !direct, 33333333333333333333333333333333333 *** read sequence1: i=0 do k=1,10000 fnam1(k:k)=upper(fnam1(k:k)) do j=1,naa if(fnam1(k:k).eq.seqw(j))then i=i+1 seq1(i)=j goto 3 endif enddo if(fnam1(k:k).ne.'-')goto 33 3 continue if(i.ge.ndim)goto 33 enddo 33 continue nseq1=i *** read sequence2: i=0 do k=1,10000 fnam2(k:k)=upper(fnam2(k:k)) do j=1,naa if(fnam2(k:k).eq.seqw(j))then i=i+1 seq2(i)=j goto 331 endif enddo if(fnam2(k:k).ne.'-')goto 332 331 continue if(i.ge.ndim)goto 332 enddo 332 continue nseq2=i elseif(fnam3.eq.'1')then !pdb,pdb, 11111111111111111111111111111 *** read sequence1: open(unit=10,file=fnam1,status='old') i=0 do while (.true.) read(10,1,end=11) s if(i.gt.0.and.s(1:3).eq.'TER')goto 11 if(s(1:3).eq.'ATO')then if(s(13:16).eq.'CA '.or.s(13:16).eq.' CA '. & or.s(13:16).eq.' CA')then i=i+1 read(s,111)du,aanam do j=1,naa if(aanam.eq.aa(j))seq1(i)=j enddo endif endif if(i.ge.ndim)goto 11 enddo 1 format(A10000) 11 continue 111 format(A17,A3) close(10) nseq1=i *** read sequence2: open(unit=10,file=fnam2,status='old') i=0 do while (.true.) read(10,1,end=112) s if(i.gt.0.and.s(1:3).eq.'TER')goto 112 if(s(1:3).eq.'ATO')then if(s(13:16).eq.'CA '.or.s(13:16).eq.' CA '. & or.s(13:16).eq.' CA')then i=i+1 read(s,111)du,aanam do j=1,naa if(aanam.eq.aa(j))seq2(i)=j enddo endif endif if(i.ge.ndim)goto 112 enddo 112 continue close(10) nseq2=i elseif(fnam3.eq.'2')then !seq,pdb 2222222222222222222222222222222 *** read sequence1: open(unit=10,file=fnam1,status='old') i=0 do while(.true.) read(10,1,end=221)s if(s(1:1).eq.'>')goto 22 do k=1,10000 s(k:k)=upper(s(k:k)) do j=1,naa if(s(k:k).eq.seqw(j))then i=i+1 seq1(i)=j goto 2 endif enddo if(s(k:k).ne.'-')goto 22 2 continue enddo 22 continue if(i.ge.ndim)goto 221 enddo 221 continue close(10) nseq1=i *** read sequence2: open(unit=10,file=fnam2,status='old') i=0 do while (.true.) read(10,1,end=222) s if(i.gt.0.and.s(1:3).eq.'TER')goto 222 if(s(1:3).eq.'ATO')then if(s(13:16).eq.'CA '.or.s(13:16).eq.' CA '. & or.s(13:16).eq.' CA')then i=i+1 read(s,111)du,aanam do j=1,naa if(aanam.eq.aa(j))seq2(i)=j enddo endif endif if(i.ge.ndim)goto 222 enddo 222 continue close(10) nseq2=i else !seq,seq 00000000000000000000000000000000 *** read sequence1: open(unit=10,file=fnam1,status='old') i=0 do while(.true.) read(10,1,end=881)s if(s(1:1).eq.'>')goto 88 do k=1,10000 s(k:k)=upper(s(k:k)) do j=1,naa if(s(k:k).eq.seqw(j))then i=i+1 seq1(i)=j goto 8 endif enddo if(s(k:k).ne.'-')goto 88 8 continue enddo 88 continue if(i.ge.ndim)goto 881 enddo 881 continue close(10) nseq1=i *** read sequence2: open(unit=10,file=fnam2,status='old') i=0 do while(.true.) read(10,1,end=884)s if(s(1:1).eq.'>')goto 883 do k=1,10000 s(k:k)=upper(s(k:k)) do j=1,naa if(s(k:k).eq.seqw(j))then i=i+1 seq2(i)=j goto 882 endif enddo if(s(k:k).ne.'-')goto 883 882 continue enddo 883 continue if(i.ge.ndim)goto 884 enddo 884 continue close(10) nseq2=i endif *2** read mutation matrix ----------> call matrix !take pam *** set unit mutation matrix ----------> c do i=1,naa c do j=1,naa c imut(i,j)=0 c enddo c enddo c do i=1,naa c imut(i,i)=1 c enddo *3** score------------------> do i=1,nseq1 do j=1,nseq2 score(i,j)=imut(seq1(i),seq2(j)) enddo enddo *4***************************************************************** * dynamatic program: ****************************************************************** gap_open=-11 gap_extn=-1 call DP(score0) !W(k)=Go+Ge*k1+Go+Ge*k2, standard NW c call DPalt(score0) !W(k)=Go+Ge*k1+Ge*k2, alternative NW *5** calculate sequence identity----------------------------> L_id=0 L_ali=0 do j=1,nseq2 if(j2i(j).gt.0)then i=j2i(j) L_ali=L_ali+1 if(seq1(i).eq.seq2(j))L_id=L_id+1 endif enddo write(*,*) write(*,101)nseq1,fnam1 101 format('Length of sequence 1: ',I4,' ->',A10) write(*,102)nseq2,fnam2 102 format('Length of sequence 2: ',I4,' ->',A10) write(*,103)L_ali 103 format('Aligned length: ',I4) write(*,104)L_id 104 format('Identical length: ',I4) write(*,105)float(L_id)/(nseq2+0.00000001),L_id,nseq2 105 format('Sequence identity: ',F8.3,' (=',I4,'/',I4,')') write(*,*) *6****************************************************************** *** output aligned sequences k=0 !final aligned order i=1 !on sequence 1 j=1 !on sequence 2 800 continue if(i.gt.nseq1.and.j.gt.nseq2)goto 802 if(i.gt.nseq1.and.j.le.nseq2)then !unaligned C on 1 k=k+1 sequenceA(k)='-' sequenceB(k)=seqw(seq2(j)) sequenceM(k)=' ' j=j+1 goto 800 endif if(i.le.nseq1.and.j.gt.nseq2)then !unaligned C on 2 k=k+1 sequenceA(k)=seqw(seq1(i)) sequenceB(k)='-' sequenceM(k)=' ' i=i+1 goto 800 endif if(i.eq.j2i(j))then !if aligned k=k+1 sequenceA(k)=seqw(seq1(i)) sequenceB(k)=seqw(seq2(j)) if(seq1(i).eq.seq2(j))then !identical sequenceM(k)=':' else sequenceM(k)=' ' endif i=i+1 j=j+1 goto 800 elseif(j2i(j).lt.0)then !if gap on 1 k=k+1 sequenceA(k)='-' sequenceB(k)=seqw(seq2(j)) sequenceM(k)=' ' j=j+1 goto 800 elseif(j2i(j).gt.0)then !if gap on 2 k=k+1 sequenceA(k)=seqW(seq1(i)) sequenceB(k)='-' sequenceM(k)=' ' i=i+1 goto 800 endif 802 continue write(*,601)(sequenceA(i),i=1,k) write(*,601)(sequenceM(i),i=1,k) write(*,601)(sequenceB(i),i=1,k) write(*,602)(mod(i,10),i=1,k) 601 format(2000A1) 602 format(2000I1) write(*,*) c^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ c STOP 999 END ******************************************************************** * This is a standard Needleman-Wunsch dynamic program (by Y. Zhang 2005) * 1. Count multiple-gap. * 2. The gap penality W(k)=Go+Ge*k1+Go+Ge*k2 if gap open on both sequences * * Input: score(i,j), gap_open, gap_extn * Output: j2i(j) * idir(i,j)=1,2,3, from diagonal, horizontal, vertical * val(i,j) is the cumulative score of (i,j) ******************************************************************** subroutine DP(score0) PARAMETER(ndim=6000) common/dpc/score(ndim,ndim),gap_open,gap_extn,j2i(ndim) & ,nseq1,nseq2 dimension val(0:ndim,0:ndim),idir(0:ndim,0:ndim) dimension jpV(0:ndim,0:ndim),jpH(0:ndim,0:ndim) dimension preV(0:ndim,0:ndim),preH(0:ndim,0:ndim) real D,V,H ccc initializations ---------------> val(0,0)=0.0 do i=1,nseq1 val(i,0)=gap_extn*i preV(i,0)=val(i,0) !not use preV at the beginning idir(i,0)=0 !useless jpV(i,0)=1 !useless jpH(i,0)=i !useless enddo do j=1,nseq2 val(0,j)=gap_extn*j preH(0,j)=val(0,j) idir(0,j)=0 jpV(0,j)=j jpH(0,j)=1 enddo ccc DP ------------------------------> do 111 j=1,nseq2 do 222 i=1,nseq1 ccc D=VAL(i-1,j-1)+SCORE(i,j)---------------> D=val(i-1,j-1)+score(i,j) !from diagonal, val(i,j) is val(i-1,j-1) ccc H=H+gap_open -------> jpH(i,j)=1 val1=val(i-1,j)+gap_open !gap_open from both D and V val2=preH(i-1,j)+gap_extn !gap_extn from horizontal if(val1.gt.val2) then !last step from D or V H=val1 else !last step from H H=val2 if(i.gt.1)jpH(i,j)=jpH(i-1,j)+1 !record long-gap endif ccc V=V+gap_open ---------> jpV(i,j)=1 val1=val(i,j-1)+gap_open val2=preV(i,j-1)+gap_extn if(val1.gt.val2) then V=val1 else V=val2 if(j.gt.1)jpV(i,j)=jpV(i,j-1)+1 endif preH(i,j)=H !unaccepted H preV(i,j)=V !unaccepted V if(D.gt.H.and.D.gt.V)then idir(i,j)=1 val(i,j)=D elseif(H.gt.V)then idir(i,j)=2 val(i,j)=H else idir(i,j)=3 val(i,j)=V endif 222 continue 111 continue score0=val(nseq1,nseq2) !alignment score c tracing back the pathway: do j=1,nseq2 j2i(j)=-1 !all are not aligned enddo i=nseq1 j=nseq2 do while(i.gt.0.and.j.gt.0) if(idir(i,j).eq.1)then !from diagonal j2i(j)=i i=i-1 j=j-1 elseif(idir(i,j).eq.2)then !from horizonal it=jpH(i,j) do me=1,it if(i.gt.0) then i=i-1 endif enddo else it=jpV(i,j) do me=1,it if(j.gt.0) then j=j-1 endif enddo endif enddo *^^^^^^^^^^^DP finished ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ return end ******************************************************************** * This is an alternative implementation of Needleman-Wunsch dynamic program * (by Y. Zhang 2005) * 1. Count two-layer iteration and multiple-gaps * 2. The gap penality W(k)=Go+Ge*k1+Ge*k2 if gap open on both sequences * * Input: score(i,j), gap_open, gap_extn * Output: j2i(j) * idir(i,j)=1,2,3, from diagonal, horizontal, vertical * val(i,j) is the cumulative score of (i,j) ******************************************************************** subroutine DPalt(score0) PARAMETER(ndim=6000) common/dpc/score(ndim,ndim),gap_open,gap_extn,j2i(ndim) & ,nseq1,nseq2 dimension val(0:ndim,0:ndim),idir(0:ndim,0:ndim) dimension preV(0:ndim,0:ndim),preH(0:ndim,0:ndim), & preD(0:ndim,0:ndim) dimension idirH(0:ndim,0:ndim),idirV(0:ndim,0:ndim) ccc initializations ---------------> val(0,0)=0.0 do i=1,nseq1 val(i,0)=0 idir(i,0)=0 preD(i,0)=0.0 preH(i,0)=-1000.0 preV(i,0)=-1000.0 enddo do j=1,nseq2 val(0,j)=0 idir(0,j)=0 preD(0,j)=0.0 preH(0,j)=-1000.0 preV(0,j)=-1000.0 enddo ccc DP ------------------------------> do 111 j=1,nseq2 do 222 i=1,nseq1 ccc preD=VAL(i-1,j-1)+SCORE(i,j)---------------> preD(i,j)=val(i-1,j-1)+score(i,j) ccc preH: pre-accepted H-----------------------> D=preD(i-1,j)+gap_open H=preH(i-1,j)+gap_extn V=preV(i-1,j)+gap_extn if(D.gt.H.and.D.gt.V)then preH(i,j)=D idirH(i-1,j)=1 elseif(H.gt.V)then preH(i,j)=H idirH(i-1,j)=2 else preH(i,j)=V idirH(i-1,j)=3 endif ccc preV: pre-accepted V-----------------------> D=preD(i,j-1)+gap_open H=preH(i,j-1)+gap_extn V=preV(i,j-1)+gap_extn if(D.gt.H.and.D.gt.V)then preV(i,j)=D idirV(i,j-1)=1 elseif(H.gt.V)then preV(i,j)=H idirV(i,j-1)=2 else preV(i,j)=V idirV(i,j-1)=3 endif ccc decide idir(i,j)-----------> if(preD(i,j).gt.preH(i,j).and.preD(i,j).gt.preV(i,j))then idir(i,j)=1 val(i,j)=preD(i,j) elseif(preH(i,j).gt.preV(i,j))then idir(i,j)=2 val(i,j)=preH(i,j) else idir(i,j)=3 val(i,j)=preV(i,j) endif 222 continue 111 continue score0=val(nseq1,nseq2) !alignment score ccc tracing back the pathway: do j=1,nseq2 j2i(j)=-1 !all are not aligned enddo i=nseq1 j=nseq2 do while(i.gt.0.and.j.gt.0) if(idir(i,j).eq.1)then !from diagonal j2i(j)=i i=i-1 j=j-1 elseif(idir(i,j).eq.2)then i=i-1 idir(i,j)=idirH(i,j) else j=j-1 idir(i,j)=idirV(i,j) endif enddo *^^^^^^^^^^^DP finished ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ return end ******************************************************************** * read matrix * subroutine matrix parameter(naa=24) !number of amino acid common/matra/imut(naa,naa) !b,z,x are additional * following from PAM30: imut(1,1)=6 imut(1,2)=-7 imut(1,3)=-4 imut(1,4)=-3 imut(1,5)=-6 imut(1,6)=-4 imut(1,7)=-2 imut(1,8)=-2 imut(1,9)=-7 imut(1,10)=-5 imut(1,11)=-6 imut(1,12)=-7 imut(1,13)=-5 imut(1,14)=-8 imut(1,15)=-2 imut(1,16)=0 imut(1,17)=-1 imut(1,18)=-13 imut(1,19)=-8 imut(1,20)=-2 imut(1,21)=-3 imut(1,22)=-3 imut(1,23)=-1 imut(1,24)=-17 imut(2,1)=-7 imut(2,2)=8 imut(2,3)=-6 imut(2,4)=-10 imut(2,5)=-8 imut(2,6)=-2 imut(2,7)=-9 imut(2,8)=-9 imut(2,9)=-2 imut(2,10)=-5 imut(2,11)=-8 imut(2,12)=0 imut(2,13)=-4 imut(2,14)=-9 imut(2,15)=-4 imut(2,16)=-3 imut(2,17)=-6 imut(2,18)=-2 imut(2,19)=-10 imut(2,20)=-8 imut(2,21)=-7 imut(2,22)=-4 imut(2,23)=-1 imut(2,24)=-17 imut(3,1)=-4 imut(3,2)=-6 imut(3,3)=8 imut(3,4)=2 imut(3,5)=-11 imut(3,6)=-3 imut(3,7)=-2 imut(3,8)=-3 imut(3,9)=0 imut(3,10)=-5 imut(3,11)=-7 imut(3,12)=-1 imut(3,13)=-9 imut(3,14)=-9 imut(3,15)=-6 imut(3,16)=0 imut(3,17)=-2 imut(3,18)=-8 imut(3,19)=-4 imut(3,20)=-8 imut(3,21)=6 imut(3,22)=-3 imut(3,23)=-1 imut(3,24)=-17 imut(4,1)=-3 imut(4,2)=-10 imut(4,3)=2 imut(4,4)=8 imut(4,5)=-14 imut(4,6)=-2 imut(4,7)=2 imut(4,8)=-3 imut(4,9)=-4 imut(4,10)=-7 imut(4,11)=-12 imut(4,12)=-4 imut(4,13)=-11 imut(4,14)=-15 imut(4,15)=-8 imut(4,16)=-4 imut(4,17)=-5 imut(4,18)=-15 imut(4,19)=-11 imut(4,20)=-8 imut(4,21)=6 imut(4,22)=1 imut(4,23)=-1 imut(4,24)=-17 imut(5,1)=-6 imut(5,2)=-8 imut(5,3)=-11 imut(5,4)=-14 imut(5,5)=10 imut(5,6)=-14 imut(5,7)=-14 imut(5,8)=-9 imut(5,9)=-7 imut(5,10)=-6 imut(5,11)=-15 imut(5,12)=-14 imut(5,13)=-13 imut(5,14)=-13 imut(5,15)=-8 imut(5,16)=-3 imut(5,17)=-8 imut(5,18)=-15 imut(5,19)=-4 imut(5,20)=-6 imut(5,21)=-12 imut(5,22)=-14 imut(5,23)=-1 imut(5,24)=-17 imut(6,1)=-4 imut(6,2)=-2 imut(6,3)=-3 imut(6,4)=-2 imut(6,5)=-14 imut(6,6)=8 imut(6,7)=1 imut(6,8)=-7 imut(6,9)=1 imut(6,10)=-8 imut(6,11)=-5 imut(6,12)=-3 imut(6,13)=-4 imut(6,14)=-13 imut(6,15)=-3 imut(6,16)=-5 imut(6,17)=-5 imut(6,18)=-13 imut(6,19)=-12 imut(6,20)=-7 imut(6,21)=-3 imut(6,22)=6 imut(6,23)=-1 imut(6,24)=-17 imut(7,1)=-2 imut(7,2)=-9 imut(7,3)=-2 imut(7,4)=2 imut(7,5)=-14 imut(7,6)=1 imut(7,7)=8 imut(7,8)=-4 imut(7,9)=-5 imut(7,10)=-5 imut(7,11)=-9 imut(7,12)=-4 imut(7,13)=-7 imut(7,14)=-14 imut(7,15)=-5 imut(7,16)=-4 imut(7,17)=-6 imut(7,18)=-17 imut(7,19)=-8 imut(7,20)=-6 imut(7,21)=1 imut(7,22)=6 imut(7,23)=-1 imut(7,24)=-17 imut(8,1)=-2 imut(8,2)=-9 imut(8,3)=-3 imut(8,4)=-3 imut(8,5)=-9 imut(8,6)=-7 imut(8,7)=-4 imut(8,8)=6 imut(8,9)=-9 imut(8,10)=-11 imut(8,11)=-10 imut(8,12)=-7 imut(8,13)=-8 imut(8,14)=-9 imut(8,15)=-6 imut(8,16)=-2 imut(8,17)=-6 imut(8,18)=-15 imut(8,19)=-14 imut(8,20)=-5 imut(8,21)=-3 imut(8,22)=-5 imut(8,23)=-1 imut(8,24)=-17 imut(9,1)=-7 imut(9,2)=-2 imut(9,3)=0 imut(9,4)=-4 imut(9,5)=-7 imut(9,6)=1 imut(9,7)=-5 imut(9,8)=-9 imut(9,9)=9 imut(9,10)=-9 imut(9,11)=-6 imut(9,12)=-6 imut(9,13)=-10 imut(9,14)=-6 imut(9,15)=-4 imut(9,16)=-6 imut(9,17)=-7 imut(9,18)=-7 imut(9,19)=-3 imut(9,20)=-6 imut(9,21)=-1 imut(9,22)=-1 imut(9,23)=-1 imut(9,24)=-17 imut(10,1)=-5 imut(10,2)=-5 imut(10,3)=-5 imut(10,4)=-7 imut(10,5)=-6 imut(10,6)=-8 imut(10,7)=-5 imut(10,8)=-11 imut(10,9)=-9 imut(10,10)=8 imut(10,11)=-1 imut(10,12)=-6 imut(10,13)=-1 imut(10,14)=-2 imut(10,15)=-8 imut(10,16)=-7 imut(10,17)=-2 imut(10,18)=-14 imut(10,19)=-6 imut(10,20)=2 imut(10,21)=-6 imut(10,22)=-6 imut(10,23)=-1 imut(10,24)=-17 imut(11,1)=-6 imut(11,2)=-8 imut(11,3)=-7 imut(11,4)=-12 imut(11,5)=-15 imut(11,6)=-5 imut(11,7)=-9 imut(11,8)=-10 imut(11,9)=-6 imut(11,10)=-1 imut(11,11)=7 imut(11,12)=-8 imut(11,13)=1 imut(11,14)=-3 imut(11,15)=-7 imut(11,16)=-8 imut(11,17)=-7 imut(11,18)=-6 imut(11,19)=-7 imut(11,20)=-2 imut(11,21)=-9 imut(11,22)=-7 imut(11,23)=-1 imut(11,24)=-17 imut(12,1)=-7 imut(12,2)=0 imut(12,3)=-1 imut(12,4)=-4 imut(12,5)=-14 imut(12,6)=-3 imut(12,7)=-4 imut(12,8)=-7 imut(12,9)=-6 imut(12,10)=-6 imut(12,11)=-8 imut(12,12)=7 imut(12,13)=-2 imut(12,14)=-14 imut(12,15)=-6 imut(12,16)=-4 imut(12,17)=-3 imut(12,18)=-12 imut(12,19)=-9 imut(12,20)=-9 imut(12,21)=-2 imut(12,22)=-4 imut(12,23)=-1 imut(12,24)=-17 imut(13,1)=-5 imut(13,2)=-4 imut(13,3)=-9 imut(13,4)=-11 imut(13,5)=-13 imut(13,6)=-4 imut(13,7)=-7 imut(13,8)=-8 imut(13,9)=-10 imut(13,10)=-1 imut(13,11)=1 imut(13,12)=-2 imut(13,13)=11 imut(13,14)=-4 imut(13,15)=-8 imut(13,16)=-5 imut(13,17)=-4 imut(13,18)=-13 imut(13,19)=-11 imut(13,20)=-1 imut(13,21)=-10 imut(13,22)=-5 imut(13,23)=-1 imut(13,24)=-17 imut(14,1)=-8 imut(14,2)=-9 imut(14,3)=-9 imut(14,4)=-15 imut(14,5)=-13 imut(14,6)=-13 imut(14,7)=-14 imut(14,8)=-9 imut(14,9)=-6 imut(14,10)=-2 imut(14,11)=-3 imut(14,12)=-14 imut(14,13)=-4 imut(14,14)=9 imut(14,15)=-10 imut(14,16)=-6 imut(14,17)=-9 imut(14,18)=-4 imut(14,19)=2 imut(14,20)=-8 imut(14,21)=-10 imut(14,22)=-13 imut(14,23)=-1 imut(14,24)=-17 imut(15,1)=-2 imut(15,2)=-4 imut(15,3)=-6 imut(15,4)=-8 imut(15,5)=-8 imut(15,6)=-3 imut(15,7)=-5 imut(15,8)=-6 imut(15,9)=-4 imut(15,10)=-8 imut(15,11)=-7 imut(15,12)=-6 imut(15,13)=-8 imut(15,14)=-10 imut(15,15)=8 imut(15,16)=-2 imut(15,17)=-4 imut(15,18)=-14 imut(15,19)=-13 imut(15,20)=-6 imut(15,21)=-7 imut(15,22)=-4 imut(15,23)=-1 imut(15,24)=-17 imut(16,1)=0 imut(16,2)=-3 imut(16,3)=0 imut(16,4)=-4 imut(16,5)=-3 imut(16,6)=-5 imut(16,7)=-4 imut(16,8)=-2 imut(16,9)=-6 imut(16,10)=-7 imut(16,11)=-8 imut(16,12)=-4 imut(16,13)=-5 imut(16,14)=-6 imut(16,15)=-2 imut(16,16)=6 imut(16,17)=0 imut(16,18)=-5 imut(16,19)=-7 imut(16,20)=-6 imut(16,21)=-1 imut(16,22)=-5 imut(16,23)=-1 imut(16,24)=-17 imut(17,1)=-1 imut(17,2)=-6 imut(17,3)=-2 imut(17,4)=-5 imut(17,5)=-8 imut(17,6)=-5 imut(17,7)=-6 imut(17,8)=-6 imut(17,9)=-7 imut(17,10)=-2 imut(17,11)=-7 imut(17,12)=-3 imut(17,13)=-4 imut(17,14)=-9 imut(17,15)=-4 imut(17,16)=0 imut(17,17)=7 imut(17,18)=-13 imut(17,19)=-6 imut(17,20)=-3 imut(17,21)=-3 imut(17,22)=-6 imut(17,23)=-1 imut(17,24)=-17 imut(18,1)=-13 imut(18,2)=-2 imut(18,3)=-8 imut(18,4)=-15 imut(18,5)=-15 imut(18,6)=-13 imut(18,7)=-17 imut(18,8)=-15 imut(18,9)=-7 imut(18,10)=-14 imut(18,11)=-6 imut(18,12)=-12 imut(18,13)=-13 imut(18,14)=-4 imut(18,15)=-14 imut(18,16)=-5 imut(18,17)=-13 imut(18,18)=13 imut(18,19)=-5 imut(18,20)=-15 imut(18,21)=-10 imut(18,22)=-14 imut(18,23)=-1 imut(18,24)=-17 imut(19,1)=-8 imut(19,2)=-10 imut(19,3)=-4 imut(19,4)=-11 imut(19,5)=-4 imut(19,6)=-12 imut(19,7)=-8 imut(19,8)=-14 imut(19,9)=-3 imut(19,10)=-6 imut(19,11)=-7 imut(19,12)=-9 imut(19,13)=-11 imut(19,14)=2 imut(19,15)=-13 imut(19,16)=-7 imut(19,17)=-6 imut(19,18)=-5 imut(19,19)=10 imut(19,20)=-7 imut(19,21)=-6 imut(19,22)=-9 imut(19,23)=-1 imut(19,24)=-17 imut(20,1)=-2 imut(20,2)=-8 imut(20,3)=-8 imut(20,4)=-8 imut(20,5)=-6 imut(20,6)=-7 imut(20,7)=-6 imut(20,8)=-5 imut(20,9)=-6 imut(20,10)=2 imut(20,11)=-2 imut(20,12)=-9 imut(20,13)=-1 imut(20,14)=-8 imut(20,15)=-6 imut(20,16)=-6 imut(20,17)=-3 imut(20,18)=-15 imut(20,19)=-7 imut(20,20)=7 imut(20,21)=-8 imut(20,22)=-6 imut(20,23)=-1 imut(20,24)=-17 imut(21,1)=-3 imut(21,2)=-7 imut(21,3)=6 imut(21,4)=6 imut(21,5)=-12 imut(21,6)=-3 imut(21,7)=1 imut(21,8)=-3 imut(21,9)=-1 imut(21,10)=-6 imut(21,11)=-9 imut(21,12)=-2 imut(21,13)=-10 imut(21,14)=-10 imut(21,15)=-7 imut(21,16)=-1 imut(21,17)=-3 imut(21,18)=-10 imut(21,19)=-6 imut(21,20)=-8 imut(21,21)=6 imut(21,22)=0 imut(21,23)=-1 imut(21,24)=-17 imut(22,1)=-3 imut(22,2)=-4 imut(22,3)=-3 imut(22,4)=1 imut(22,5)=-14 imut(22,6)=6 imut(22,7)=6 imut(22,8)=-5 imut(22,9)=-1 imut(22,10)=-6 imut(22,11)=-7 imut(22,12)=-4 imut(22,13)=-5 imut(22,14)=-13 imut(22,15)=-4 imut(22,16)=-5 imut(22,17)=-6 imut(22,18)=-14 imut(22,19)=-9 imut(22,20)=-6 imut(22,21)=0 imut(22,22)=6 imut(22,23)=-1 imut(22,24)=-17 imut(23,1)=-1 imut(23,2)=-1 imut(23,3)=-1 imut(23,4)=-1 imut(23,5)=-1 imut(23,6)=-1 imut(23,7)=-1 imut(23,8)=-1 imut(23,9)=-1 imut(23,10)=-1 imut(23,11)=-1 imut(23,12)=-1 imut(23,13)=-1 imut(23,14)=-1 imut(23,15)=-1 imut(23,16)=-1 imut(23,17)=-1 imut(23,18)=-1 imut(23,19)=-1 imut(23,20)=-1 imut(23,21)=-1 imut(23,22)=-1 imut(23,23)=-1 imut(23,24)=-17 imut(24,1)=-17 imut(24,2)=-17 imut(24,3)=-17 imut(24,4)=-17 imut(24,5)=-17 imut(24,6)=-17 imut(24,7)=-17 imut(24,8)=-17 imut(24,9)=-17 imut(24,10)=-17 imut(24,11)=-17 imut(24,12)=-17 imut(24,13)=-17 imut(24,14)=-17 imut(24,15)=-17 imut(24,16)=-17 imut(24,17)=-17 imut(24,18)=-17 imut(24,19)=-17 imut(24,20)=-17 imut(24,21)=-17 imut(24,22)=-17 imut(24,23)=-17 imut(24,24)=1 return end function upper(A) CHARACTER A,upper IF(A.LE.'z'.and.A.GE.'a')then A=CHAR(ICHAR(A)-32) endif upper=A RETURN END