Mercurial > repos > guerler > springsuite
diff planemo/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__init__.py @ 1:56ad4e20f292 draft
"planemo upload commit 6eee67778febed82ddd413c3ca40b3183a3898f1"
| author | guerler |
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| date | Fri, 31 Jul 2020 00:32:28 -0400 |
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--- /dev/null Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000 +++ b/planemo/lib/python3.7/site-packages/psutil/__init__.py Fri Jul 31 00:32:28 2020 -0400 @@ -0,0 +1,2411 @@ +# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- + +# Copyright (c) 2009, Giampaolo Rodola'. All rights reserved. +# Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be +# found in the LICENSE file. + +"""psutil is a cross-platform library for retrieving information on +running processes and system utilization (CPU, memory, disks, network, +sensors) in Python. Supported platforms: + + - Linux + - Windows + - macOS + - FreeBSD + - OpenBSD + - NetBSD + - Sun Solaris + - AIX + +Works with Python versions from 2.6 to 3.4+. +""" + +from __future__ import division +import collections +import contextlib +import datetime +import functools +import os +import signal +import subprocess +import sys +import threading +import time +try: + import pwd +except ImportError: + pwd = None + +from . import _common +from ._common import AccessDenied +from ._common import Error +from ._common import memoize_when_activated +from ._common import NoSuchProcess +from ._common import TimeoutExpired +from ._common import wrap_numbers as _wrap_numbers +from ._common import ZombieProcess +from ._compat import long +from ._compat import PermissionError +from ._compat import ProcessLookupError +from ._compat import PY3 as _PY3 + +from ._common import CONN_CLOSE +from ._common import CONN_CLOSE_WAIT +from ._common import CONN_CLOSING +from ._common import CONN_ESTABLISHED +from ._common import CONN_FIN_WAIT1 +from ._common import CONN_FIN_WAIT2 +from ._common import CONN_LAST_ACK +from ._common import CONN_LISTEN +from ._common import CONN_NONE +from ._common import CONN_SYN_RECV +from ._common import CONN_SYN_SENT +from ._common import CONN_TIME_WAIT +from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_FULL +from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_HALF +from ._common import NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN +from ._common import POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN +from ._common import POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED +from ._common import STATUS_DEAD +from ._common import STATUS_DISK_SLEEP +from ._common import STATUS_IDLE +from ._common import STATUS_LOCKED +from ._common import STATUS_PARKED +from ._common import STATUS_RUNNING +from ._common import STATUS_SLEEPING +from ._common import STATUS_STOPPED +from ._common import STATUS_TRACING_STOP +from ._common import STATUS_WAITING +from ._common import STATUS_WAKING +from ._common import STATUS_ZOMBIE + +from ._common import AIX +from ._common import BSD +from ._common import FREEBSD # NOQA +from ._common import LINUX +from ._common import MACOS +from ._common import NETBSD # NOQA +from ._common import OPENBSD # NOQA +from ._common import OSX # deprecated alias +from ._common import POSIX # NOQA +from ._common import SUNOS +from ._common import WINDOWS + +if LINUX: + # This is public API and it will be retrieved from _pslinux.py + # via sys.modules. + PROCFS_PATH = "/proc" + + from . import _pslinux as _psplatform + + from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_BE # NOQA + from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE # NOQA + from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE # NOQA + from ._pslinux import IOPRIO_CLASS_RT # NOQA + # Linux >= 2.6.36 + if _psplatform.HAS_PRLIMIT: + from ._psutil_linux import RLIM_INFINITY # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_AS # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_CORE # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_CPU # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_DATA # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_FSIZE # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_LOCKS # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_MEMLOCK # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_NOFILE # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_NPROC # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_RSS # NOQA + from ._psutil_linux import RLIMIT_STACK # NOQA + # Kinda ugly but considerably faster than using hasattr() and + # setattr() against the module object (we are at import time: + # speed matters). + from . import _psutil_linux + try: + RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE + except AttributeError: + pass + try: + RLIMIT_NICE = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_NICE + except AttributeError: + pass + try: + RLIMIT_RTPRIO = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_RTPRIO + except AttributeError: + pass + try: + RLIMIT_RTTIME = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_RTTIME + except AttributeError: + pass + try: + RLIMIT_SIGPENDING = _psutil_linux.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING + except AttributeError: + pass + +elif WINDOWS: + from . import _pswindows as _psplatform + from ._psutil_windows import ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA + from ._psutil_windows import BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA + from ._psutil_windows import HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA + from ._psutil_windows import IDLE_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA + from ._psutil_windows import NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA + from ._psutil_windows import REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS # NOQA + from ._pswindows import CONN_DELETE_TCB # NOQA + from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_VERYLOW # NOQA + from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_LOW # NOQA + from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_NORMAL # NOQA + from ._pswindows import IOPRIO_HIGH # NOQA + +elif MACOS: + from . import _psosx as _psplatform + +elif BSD: + from . import _psbsd as _psplatform + +elif SUNOS: + from . import _pssunos as _psplatform + from ._pssunos import CONN_BOUND # NOQA + from ._pssunos import CONN_IDLE # NOQA + + # This is public writable API which is read from _pslinux.py and + # _pssunos.py via sys.modules. + PROCFS_PATH = "/proc" + +elif AIX: + from . import _psaix as _psplatform + + # This is public API and it will be retrieved from _pslinux.py + # via sys.modules. + PROCFS_PATH = "/proc" + +else: # pragma: no cover + raise NotImplementedError('platform %s is not supported' % sys.platform) + + +__all__ = [ + # exceptions + "Error", "NoSuchProcess", "ZombieProcess", "AccessDenied", + "TimeoutExpired", + + # constants + "version_info", "__version__", + + "STATUS_RUNNING", "STATUS_IDLE", "STATUS_SLEEPING", "STATUS_DISK_SLEEP", + "STATUS_STOPPED", "STATUS_TRACING_STOP", "STATUS_ZOMBIE", "STATUS_DEAD", + "STATUS_WAKING", "STATUS_LOCKED", "STATUS_WAITING", "STATUS_LOCKED", + "STATUS_PARKED", + + "CONN_ESTABLISHED", "CONN_SYN_SENT", "CONN_SYN_RECV", "CONN_FIN_WAIT1", + "CONN_FIN_WAIT2", "CONN_TIME_WAIT", "CONN_CLOSE", "CONN_CLOSE_WAIT", + "CONN_LAST_ACK", "CONN_LISTEN", "CONN_CLOSING", "CONN_NONE", + + "AF_LINK", + + "NIC_DUPLEX_FULL", "NIC_DUPLEX_HALF", "NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN", + + "POWER_TIME_UNKNOWN", "POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED", + + "BSD", "FREEBSD", "LINUX", "NETBSD", "OPENBSD", "MACOS", "OSX", "POSIX", + "SUNOS", "WINDOWS", "AIX", + + # classes + "Process", "Popen", + + # functions + "pid_exists", "pids", "process_iter", "wait_procs", # proc + "virtual_memory", "swap_memory", # memory + "cpu_times", "cpu_percent", "cpu_times_percent", "cpu_count", # cpu + "cpu_stats", # "cpu_freq", "getloadavg" + "net_io_counters", "net_connections", "net_if_addrs", # network + "net_if_stats", + "disk_io_counters", "disk_partitions", "disk_usage", # disk + # "sensors_temperatures", "sensors_battery", "sensors_fans" # sensors + "users", "boot_time", # others +] + +AF_LINK = _psplatform.AF_LINK + +__all__.extend(_psplatform.__extra__all__) +__author__ = "Giampaolo Rodola'" +__version__ = "5.7.2" +version_info = tuple([int(num) for num in __version__.split('.')]) + +_timer = getattr(time, 'monotonic', time.time) +_TOTAL_PHYMEM = None +_LOWEST_PID = None +_SENTINEL = object() + +# Sanity check in case the user messed up with psutil installation +# or did something weird with sys.path. In this case we might end +# up importing a python module using a C extension module which +# was compiled for a different version of psutil. +# We want to prevent that by failing sooner rather than later. +# See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/564 +if (int(__version__.replace('.', '')) != + getattr(_psplatform.cext, 'version', None)): + msg = "version conflict: %r C extension module was built for another " \ + "version of psutil" % getattr(_psplatform.cext, "__file__") + if hasattr(_psplatform.cext, 'version'): + msg += " (%s instead of %s)" % ( + '.'.join([x for x in str(_psplatform.cext.version)]), __version__) + else: + msg += " (different than %s)" % __version__ + msg += "; you may try to 'pip uninstall psutil', manually remove %s" % ( + getattr(_psplatform.cext, "__file__", + "the existing psutil install directory")) + msg += " or clean the virtual env somehow, then reinstall" + raise ImportError(msg) + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- Utils +# ===================================================================== + + +if hasattr(_psplatform, 'ppid_map'): + # Faster version (Windows and Linux). + _ppid_map = _psplatform.ppid_map +else: + def _ppid_map(): + """Return a {pid: ppid, ...} dict for all running processes in + one shot. Used to speed up Process.children(). + """ + ret = {} + for pid in pids(): + try: + ret[pid] = _psplatform.Process(pid).ppid() + except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess): + pass + return ret + + +def _assert_pid_not_reused(fun): + """Decorator which raises NoSuchProcess in case a process is no + longer running or its PID has been reused. + """ + @functools.wraps(fun) + def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs): + if not self.is_running(): + raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name) + return fun(self, *args, **kwargs) + return wrapper + + +def _pprint_secs(secs): + """Format seconds in a human readable form.""" + now = time.time() + secs_ago = int(now - secs) + if secs_ago < 60 * 60 * 24: + fmt = "%H:%M:%S" + else: + fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" + return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(secs).strftime(fmt) + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- Process class +# ===================================================================== + + +class Process(object): + """Represents an OS process with the given PID. + If PID is omitted current process PID (os.getpid()) is used. + Raise NoSuchProcess if PID does not exist. + + Note that most of the methods of this class do not make sure + the PID of the process being queried has been reused over time. + That means you might end up retrieving an information referring + to another process in case the original one this instance + refers to is gone in the meantime. + + The only exceptions for which process identity is pre-emptively + checked and guaranteed are: + + - parent() + - children() + - nice() (set) + - ionice() (set) + - rlimit() (set) + - cpu_affinity (set) + - suspend() + - resume() + - send_signal() + - terminate() + - kill() + + To prevent this problem for all other methods you can: + - use is_running() before querying the process + - if you're continuously iterating over a set of Process + instances use process_iter() which pre-emptively checks + process identity for every yielded instance + """ + + def __init__(self, pid=None): + self._init(pid) + + def _init(self, pid, _ignore_nsp=False): + if pid is None: + pid = os.getpid() + else: + if not _PY3 and not isinstance(pid, (int, long)): + raise TypeError('pid must be an integer (got %r)' % pid) + if pid < 0: + raise ValueError('pid must be a positive integer (got %s)' + % pid) + self._pid = pid + self._name = None + self._exe = None + self._create_time = None + self._gone = False + self._hash = None + self._lock = threading.RLock() + # used for caching on Windows only (on POSIX ppid may change) + self._ppid = None + # platform-specific modules define an _psplatform.Process + # implementation class + self._proc = _psplatform.Process(pid) + self._last_sys_cpu_times = None + self._last_proc_cpu_times = None + self._exitcode = _SENTINEL + # cache creation time for later use in is_running() method + try: + self.create_time() + except AccessDenied: + # We should never get here as AFAIK we're able to get + # process creation time on all platforms even as a + # limited user. + pass + except ZombieProcess: + # Zombies can still be queried by this class (although + # not always) and pids() return them so just go on. + pass + except NoSuchProcess: + if not _ignore_nsp: + msg = 'no process found with pid %s' % pid + raise NoSuchProcess(pid, None, msg) + else: + self._gone = True + # This pair is supposed to indentify a Process instance + # univocally over time (the PID alone is not enough as + # it might refer to a process whose PID has been reused). + # This will be used later in __eq__() and is_running(). + self._ident = (self.pid, self._create_time) + + def __str__(self): + try: + info = collections.OrderedDict() + except AttributeError: + info = {} # Python 2.6 + info["pid"] = self.pid + if self._name: + info['name'] = self._name + with self.oneshot(): + try: + info["name"] = self.name() + info["status"] = self.status() + except ZombieProcess: + info["status"] = "zombie" + except NoSuchProcess: + info["status"] = "terminated" + except AccessDenied: + pass + if self._exitcode not in (_SENTINEL, None): + info["exitcode"] = self._exitcode + if self._create_time: + info['started'] = _pprint_secs(self._create_time) + return "%s.%s(%s)" % ( + self.__class__.__module__, + self.__class__.__name__, + ", ".join(["%s=%r" % (k, v) for k, v in info.items()])) + + __repr__ = __str__ + + def __eq__(self, other): + # Test for equality with another Process object based + # on PID and creation time. + if not isinstance(other, Process): + return NotImplemented + return self._ident == other._ident + + def __ne__(self, other): + return not self == other + + def __hash__(self): + if self._hash is None: + self._hash = hash(self._ident) + return self._hash + + @property + def pid(self): + """The process PID.""" + return self._pid + + # --- utility methods + + @contextlib.contextmanager + def oneshot(self): + """Utility context manager which considerably speeds up the + retrieval of multiple process information at the same time. + + Internally different process info (e.g. name, ppid, uids, + gids, ...) may be fetched by using the same routine, but + only one information is returned and the others are discarded. + When using this context manager the internal routine is + executed once (in the example below on name()) and the + other info are cached. + + The cache is cleared when exiting the context manager block. + The advice is to use this every time you retrieve more than + one information about the process. If you're lucky, you'll + get a hell of a speedup. + + >>> import psutil + >>> p = psutil.Process() + >>> with p.oneshot(): + ... p.name() # collect multiple info + ... p.cpu_times() # return cached value + ... p.cpu_percent() # return cached value + ... p.create_time() # return cached value + ... + >>> + """ + with self._lock: + if hasattr(self, "_cache"): + # NOOP: this covers the use case where the user enters the + # context twice: + # + # >>> with p.oneshot(): + # ... with p.oneshot(): + # ... + # + # Also, since as_dict() internally uses oneshot() + # I expect that the code below will be a pretty common + # "mistake" that the user will make, so let's guard + # against that: + # + # >>> with p.oneshot(): + # ... p.as_dict() + # ... + yield + else: + try: + # cached in case cpu_percent() is used + self.cpu_times.cache_activate(self) + # cached in case memory_percent() is used + self.memory_info.cache_activate(self) + # cached in case parent() is used + self.ppid.cache_activate(self) + # cached in case username() is used + if POSIX: + self.uids.cache_activate(self) + # specific implementation cache + self._proc.oneshot_enter() + yield + finally: + self.cpu_times.cache_deactivate(self) + self.memory_info.cache_deactivate(self) + self.ppid.cache_deactivate(self) + if POSIX: + self.uids.cache_deactivate(self) + self._proc.oneshot_exit() + + def as_dict(self, attrs=None, ad_value=None): + """Utility method returning process information as a + hashable dictionary. + If *attrs* is specified it must be a list of strings + reflecting available Process class' attribute names + (e.g. ['cpu_times', 'name']) else all public (read + only) attributes are assumed. + *ad_value* is the value which gets assigned in case + AccessDenied or ZombieProcess exception is raised when + retrieving that particular process information. + """ + valid_names = _as_dict_attrnames + if attrs is not None: + if not isinstance(attrs, (list, tuple, set, frozenset)): + raise TypeError("invalid attrs type %s" % type(attrs)) + attrs = set(attrs) + invalid_names = attrs - valid_names + if invalid_names: + raise ValueError("invalid attr name%s %s" % ( + "s" if len(invalid_names) > 1 else "", + ", ".join(map(repr, invalid_names)))) + + retdict = dict() + ls = attrs or valid_names + with self.oneshot(): + for name in ls: + try: + if name == 'pid': + ret = self.pid + else: + meth = getattr(self, name) + ret = meth() + except (AccessDenied, ZombieProcess): + ret = ad_value + except NotImplementedError: + # in case of not implemented functionality (may happen + # on old or exotic systems) we want to crash only if + # the user explicitly asked for that particular attr + if attrs: + raise + continue + retdict[name] = ret + return retdict + + def parent(self): + """Return the parent process as a Process object pre-emptively + checking whether PID has been reused. + If no parent is known return None. + """ + lowest_pid = _LOWEST_PID if _LOWEST_PID is not None else pids()[0] + if self.pid == lowest_pid: + return None + ppid = self.ppid() + if ppid is not None: + ctime = self.create_time() + try: + parent = Process(ppid) + if parent.create_time() <= ctime: + return parent + # ...else ppid has been reused by another process + except NoSuchProcess: + pass + + def parents(self): + """Return the parents of this process as a list of Process + instances. If no parents are known return an empty list. + """ + parents = [] + proc = self.parent() + while proc is not None: + parents.append(proc) + proc = proc.parent() + return parents + + def is_running(self): + """Return whether this process is running. + It also checks if PID has been reused by another process in + which case return False. + """ + if self._gone: + return False + try: + # Checking if PID is alive is not enough as the PID might + # have been reused by another process: we also want to + # verify process identity. + # Process identity / uniqueness over time is guaranteed by + # (PID + creation time) and that is verified in __eq__. + return self == Process(self.pid) + except ZombieProcess: + # We should never get here as it's already handled in + # Process.__init__; here just for extra safety. + return True + except NoSuchProcess: + self._gone = True + return False + + # --- actual API + + @memoize_when_activated + def ppid(self): + """The process parent PID. + On Windows the return value is cached after first call. + """ + # On POSIX we don't want to cache the ppid as it may unexpectedly + # change to 1 (init) in case this process turns into a zombie: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/321 + # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/356722/ + + # XXX should we check creation time here rather than in + # Process.parent()? + if POSIX: + return self._proc.ppid() + else: # pragma: no cover + self._ppid = self._ppid or self._proc.ppid() + return self._ppid + + def name(self): + """The process name. The return value is cached after first call.""" + # Process name is only cached on Windows as on POSIX it may + # change, see: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/692 + if WINDOWS and self._name is not None: + return self._name + name = self._proc.name() + if POSIX and len(name) >= 15: + # On UNIX the name gets truncated to the first 15 characters. + # If it matches the first part of the cmdline we return that + # one instead because it's usually more explicative. + # Examples are "gnome-keyring-d" vs. "gnome-keyring-daemon". + try: + cmdline = self.cmdline() + except AccessDenied: + pass + else: + if cmdline: + extended_name = os.path.basename(cmdline[0]) + if extended_name.startswith(name): + name = extended_name + self._name = name + self._proc._name = name + return name + + def exe(self): + """The process executable as an absolute path. + May also be an empty string. + The return value is cached after first call. + """ + def guess_it(fallback): + # try to guess exe from cmdline[0] in absence of a native + # exe representation + cmdline = self.cmdline() + if cmdline and hasattr(os, 'access') and hasattr(os, 'X_OK'): + exe = cmdline[0] # the possible exe + # Attempt to guess only in case of an absolute path. + # It is not safe otherwise as the process might have + # changed cwd. + if (os.path.isabs(exe) and + os.path.isfile(exe) and + os.access(exe, os.X_OK)): + return exe + if isinstance(fallback, AccessDenied): + raise fallback + return fallback + + if self._exe is None: + try: + exe = self._proc.exe() + except AccessDenied as err: + return guess_it(fallback=err) + else: + if not exe: + # underlying implementation can legitimately return an + # empty string; if that's the case we don't want to + # raise AD while guessing from the cmdline + try: + exe = guess_it(fallback=exe) + except AccessDenied: + pass + self._exe = exe + return self._exe + + def cmdline(self): + """The command line this process has been called with.""" + return self._proc.cmdline() + + def status(self): + """The process current status as a STATUS_* constant.""" + try: + return self._proc.status() + except ZombieProcess: + return STATUS_ZOMBIE + + def username(self): + """The name of the user that owns the process. + On UNIX this is calculated by using *real* process uid. + """ + if POSIX: + if pwd is None: + # might happen if python was installed from sources + raise ImportError( + "requires pwd module shipped with standard python") + real_uid = self.uids().real + try: + return pwd.getpwuid(real_uid).pw_name + except KeyError: + # the uid can't be resolved by the system + return str(real_uid) + else: + return self._proc.username() + + def create_time(self): + """The process creation time as a floating point number + expressed in seconds since the epoch, in UTC. + The return value is cached after first call. + """ + if self._create_time is None: + self._create_time = self._proc.create_time() + return self._create_time + + def cwd(self): + """Process current working directory as an absolute path.""" + return self._proc.cwd() + + def nice(self, value=None): + """Get or set process niceness (priority).""" + if value is None: + return self._proc.nice_get() + else: + if not self.is_running(): + raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name) + self._proc.nice_set(value) + + if POSIX: + + @memoize_when_activated + def uids(self): + """Return process UIDs as a (real, effective, saved) + namedtuple. + """ + return self._proc.uids() + + def gids(self): + """Return process GIDs as a (real, effective, saved) + namedtuple. + """ + return self._proc.gids() + + def terminal(self): + """The terminal associated with this process, if any, + else None. + """ + return self._proc.terminal() + + def num_fds(self): + """Return the number of file descriptors opened by this + process (POSIX only). + """ + return self._proc.num_fds() + + # Linux, BSD, AIX and Windows only + if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "io_counters"): + + def io_counters(self): + """Return process I/O statistics as a + (read_count, write_count, read_bytes, write_bytes) + namedtuple. + Those are the number of read/write calls performed and the + amount of bytes read and written by the process. + """ + return self._proc.io_counters() + + # Linux and Windows + if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "ionice_get"): + + def ionice(self, ioclass=None, value=None): + """Get or set process I/O niceness (priority). + + On Linux *ioclass* is one of the IOPRIO_CLASS_* constants. + *value* is a number which goes from 0 to 7. The higher the + value, the lower the I/O priority of the process. + + On Windows only *ioclass* is used and it can be set to 2 + (normal), 1 (low) or 0 (very low). + + Available on Linux and Windows > Vista only. + """ + if ioclass is None: + if value is not None: + raise ValueError("'ioclass' argument must be specified") + return self._proc.ionice_get() + else: + return self._proc.ionice_set(ioclass, value) + + # Linux only + if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "rlimit"): + + def rlimit(self, resource, limits=None): + """Get or set process resource limits as a (soft, hard) + tuple. + + *resource* is one of the RLIMIT_* constants. + *limits* is supposed to be a (soft, hard) tuple. + + See "man prlimit" for further info. + Available on Linux only. + """ + if limits is None: + return self._proc.rlimit(resource) + else: + return self._proc.rlimit(resource, limits) + + # Windows, Linux and FreeBSD only + if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "cpu_affinity_get"): + + def cpu_affinity(self, cpus=None): + """Get or set process CPU affinity. + If specified, *cpus* must be a list of CPUs for which you + want to set the affinity (e.g. [0, 1]). + If an empty list is passed, all egible CPUs are assumed + (and set). + (Windows, Linux and BSD only). + """ + if cpus is None: + return list(set(self._proc.cpu_affinity_get())) + else: + if not cpus: + if hasattr(self._proc, "_get_eligible_cpus"): + cpus = self._proc._get_eligible_cpus() + else: + cpus = tuple(range(len(cpu_times(percpu=True)))) + self._proc.cpu_affinity_set(list(set(cpus))) + + # Linux, FreeBSD, SunOS + if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "cpu_num"): + + def cpu_num(self): + """Return what CPU this process is currently running on. + The returned number should be <= psutil.cpu_count() + and <= len(psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)). + It may be used in conjunction with + psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True) to observe the system + workload distributed across CPUs. + """ + return self._proc.cpu_num() + + # Linux, macOS, Windows, Solaris, AIX + if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "environ"): + + def environ(self): + """The environment variables of the process as a dict. Note: this + might not reflect changes made after the process started. """ + return self._proc.environ() + + if WINDOWS: + + def num_handles(self): + """Return the number of handles opened by this process + (Windows only). + """ + return self._proc.num_handles() + + def num_ctx_switches(self): + """Return the number of voluntary and involuntary context + switches performed by this process. + """ + return self._proc.num_ctx_switches() + + def num_threads(self): + """Return the number of threads used by this process.""" + return self._proc.num_threads() + + if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "threads"): + + def threads(self): + """Return threads opened by process as a list of + (id, user_time, system_time) namedtuples representing + thread id and thread CPU times (user/system). + On OpenBSD this method requires root access. + """ + return self._proc.threads() + + @_assert_pid_not_reused + def children(self, recursive=False): + """Return the children of this process as a list of Process + instances, pre-emptively checking whether PID has been reused. + If *recursive* is True return all the parent descendants. + + Example (A == this process): + + A ─┐ + │ + ├─ B (child) ─┐ + │ └─ X (grandchild) ─┐ + │ └─ Y (great grandchild) + ├─ C (child) + └─ D (child) + + >>> import psutil + >>> p = psutil.Process() + >>> p.children() + B, C, D + >>> p.children(recursive=True) + B, X, Y, C, D + + Note that in the example above if process X disappears + process Y won't be listed as the reference to process A + is lost. + """ + ppid_map = _ppid_map() + ret = [] + if not recursive: + for pid, ppid in ppid_map.items(): + if ppid == self.pid: + try: + child = Process(pid) + # if child happens to be older than its parent + # (self) it means child's PID has been reused + if self.create_time() <= child.create_time(): + ret.append(child) + except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess): + pass + else: + # Construct a {pid: [child pids]} dict + reverse_ppid_map = collections.defaultdict(list) + for pid, ppid in ppid_map.items(): + reverse_ppid_map[ppid].append(pid) + # Recursively traverse that dict, starting from self.pid, + # such that we only call Process() on actual children + seen = set() + stack = [self.pid] + while stack: + pid = stack.pop() + if pid in seen: + # Since pids can be reused while the ppid_map is + # constructed, there may be rare instances where + # there's a cycle in the recorded process "tree". + continue + seen.add(pid) + for child_pid in reverse_ppid_map[pid]: + try: + child = Process(child_pid) + # if child happens to be older than its parent + # (self) it means child's PID has been reused + intime = self.create_time() <= child.create_time() + if intime: + ret.append(child) + stack.append(child_pid) + except (NoSuchProcess, ZombieProcess): + pass + return ret + + def cpu_percent(self, interval=None): + """Return a float representing the current process CPU + utilization as a percentage. + + When *interval* is 0.0 or None (default) compares process times + to system CPU times elapsed since last call, returning + immediately (non-blocking). That means that the first time + this is called it will return a meaningful 0.0 value. + + When *interval* is > 0.0 compares process times to system CPU + times elapsed before and after the interval (blocking). + + In this case is recommended for accuracy that this function + be called with at least 0.1 seconds between calls. + + A value > 100.0 can be returned in case of processes running + multiple threads on different CPU cores. + + The returned value is explicitly NOT split evenly between + all available logical CPUs. This means that a busy loop process + running on a system with 2 logical CPUs will be reported as + having 100% CPU utilization instead of 50%. + + Examples: + + >>> import psutil + >>> p = psutil.Process(os.getpid()) + >>> # blocking + >>> p.cpu_percent(interval=1) + 2.0 + >>> # non-blocking (percentage since last call) + >>> p.cpu_percent(interval=None) + 2.9 + >>> + """ + blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0 + if interval is not None and interval < 0: + raise ValueError("interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval) + num_cpus = cpu_count() or 1 + + def timer(): + return _timer() * num_cpus + + if blocking: + st1 = timer() + pt1 = self._proc.cpu_times() + time.sleep(interval) + st2 = timer() + pt2 = self._proc.cpu_times() + else: + st1 = self._last_sys_cpu_times + pt1 = self._last_proc_cpu_times + st2 = timer() + pt2 = self._proc.cpu_times() + if st1 is None or pt1 is None: + self._last_sys_cpu_times = st2 + self._last_proc_cpu_times = pt2 + return 0.0 + + delta_proc = (pt2.user - pt1.user) + (pt2.system - pt1.system) + delta_time = st2 - st1 + # reset values for next call in case of interval == None + self._last_sys_cpu_times = st2 + self._last_proc_cpu_times = pt2 + + try: + # This is the utilization split evenly between all CPUs. + # E.g. a busy loop process on a 2-CPU-cores system at this + # point is reported as 50% instead of 100%. + overall_cpus_percent = ((delta_proc / delta_time) * 100) + except ZeroDivisionError: + # interval was too low + return 0.0 + else: + # Note 1: + # in order to emulate "top" we multiply the value for the num + # of CPU cores. This way the busy process will be reported as + # having 100% (or more) usage. + # + # Note 2: + # taskmgr.exe on Windows differs in that it will show 50% + # instead. + # + # Note 3: + # a percentage > 100 is legitimate as it can result from a + # process with multiple threads running on different CPU + # cores (top does the same), see: + # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1032357 + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/474 + single_cpu_percent = overall_cpus_percent * num_cpus + return round(single_cpu_percent, 1) + + @memoize_when_activated + def cpu_times(self): + """Return a (user, system, children_user, children_system) + namedtuple representing the accumulated process time, in + seconds. + This is similar to os.times() but per-process. + On macOS and Windows children_user and children_system are + always set to 0. + """ + return self._proc.cpu_times() + + @memoize_when_activated + def memory_info(self): + """Return a namedtuple with variable fields depending on the + platform, representing memory information about the process. + + The "portable" fields available on all plaforms are `rss` and `vms`. + + All numbers are expressed in bytes. + """ + return self._proc.memory_info() + + @_common.deprecated_method(replacement="memory_info") + def memory_info_ex(self): + return self.memory_info() + + def memory_full_info(self): + """This method returns the same information as memory_info(), + plus, on some platform (Linux, macOS, Windows), also provides + additional metrics (USS, PSS and swap). + The additional metrics provide a better representation of actual + process memory usage. + + Namely USS is the memory which is unique to a process and which + would be freed if the process was terminated right now. + + It does so by passing through the whole process address. + As such it usually requires higher user privileges than + memory_info() and is considerably slower. + """ + return self._proc.memory_full_info() + + def memory_percent(self, memtype="rss"): + """Compare process memory to total physical system memory and + calculate process memory utilization as a percentage. + *memtype* argument is a string that dictates what type of + process memory you want to compare against (defaults to "rss"). + The list of available strings can be obtained like this: + + >>> psutil.Process().memory_info()._fields + ('rss', 'vms', 'shared', 'text', 'lib', 'data', 'dirty', 'uss', 'pss') + """ + valid_types = list(_psplatform.pfullmem._fields) + if memtype not in valid_types: + raise ValueError("invalid memtype %r; valid types are %r" % ( + memtype, tuple(valid_types))) + fun = self.memory_info if memtype in _psplatform.pmem._fields else \ + self.memory_full_info + metrics = fun() + value = getattr(metrics, memtype) + + # use cached value if available + total_phymem = _TOTAL_PHYMEM or virtual_memory().total + if not total_phymem > 0: + # we should never get here + raise ValueError( + "can't calculate process memory percent because " + "total physical system memory is not positive (%r)" + % total_phymem) + return (value / float(total_phymem)) * 100 + + if hasattr(_psplatform.Process, "memory_maps"): + def memory_maps(self, grouped=True): + """Return process' mapped memory regions as a list of namedtuples + whose fields are variable depending on the platform. + + If *grouped* is True the mapped regions with the same 'path' + are grouped together and the different memory fields are summed. + + If *grouped* is False every mapped region is shown as a single + entity and the namedtuple will also include the mapped region's + address space ('addr') and permission set ('perms'). + """ + it = self._proc.memory_maps() + if grouped: + d = {} + for tupl in it: + path = tupl[2] + nums = tupl[3:] + try: + d[path] = map(lambda x, y: x + y, d[path], nums) + except KeyError: + d[path] = nums + nt = _psplatform.pmmap_grouped + return [nt(path, *d[path]) for path in d] # NOQA + else: + nt = _psplatform.pmmap_ext + return [nt(*x) for x in it] + + def open_files(self): + """Return files opened by process as a list of + (path, fd) namedtuples including the absolute file name + and file descriptor number. + """ + return self._proc.open_files() + + def connections(self, kind='inet'): + """Return socket connections opened by process as a list of + (fd, family, type, laddr, raddr, status) namedtuples. + The *kind* parameter filters for connections that match the + following criteria: + + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | Kind Value | Connections using | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | inet | IPv4 and IPv6 | + | inet4 | IPv4 | + | inet6 | IPv6 | + | tcp | TCP | + | tcp4 | TCP over IPv4 | + | tcp6 | TCP over IPv6 | + | udp | UDP | + | udp4 | UDP over IPv4 | + | udp6 | UDP over IPv6 | + | unix | UNIX socket (both UDP and TCP protocols) | + | all | the sum of all the possible families and protocols | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + """ + return self._proc.connections(kind) + + # --- signals + + if POSIX: + def _send_signal(self, sig): + assert not self.pid < 0, self.pid + if self.pid == 0: + # see "man 2 kill" + raise ValueError( + "preventing sending signal to process with PID 0 as it " + "would affect every process in the process group of the " + "calling process (os.getpid()) instead of PID 0") + try: + os.kill(self.pid, sig) + except ProcessLookupError: + if OPENBSD and pid_exists(self.pid): + # We do this because os.kill() lies in case of + # zombie processes. + raise ZombieProcess(self.pid, self._name, self._ppid) + else: + self._gone = True + raise NoSuchProcess(self.pid, self._name) + except PermissionError: + raise AccessDenied(self.pid, self._name) + + @_assert_pid_not_reused + def send_signal(self, sig): + """Send a signal *sig* to process pre-emptively checking + whether PID has been reused (see signal module constants) . + On Windows only SIGTERM is valid and is treated as an alias + for kill(). + """ + if POSIX: + self._send_signal(sig) + else: # pragma: no cover + self._proc.send_signal(sig) + + @_assert_pid_not_reused + def suspend(self): + """Suspend process execution with SIGSTOP pre-emptively checking + whether PID has been reused. + On Windows this has the effect ot suspending all process threads. + """ + if POSIX: + self._send_signal(signal.SIGSTOP) + else: # pragma: no cover + self._proc.suspend() + + @_assert_pid_not_reused + def resume(self): + """Resume process execution with SIGCONT pre-emptively checking + whether PID has been reused. + On Windows this has the effect of resuming all process threads. + """ + if POSIX: + self._send_signal(signal.SIGCONT) + else: # pragma: no cover + self._proc.resume() + + @_assert_pid_not_reused + def terminate(self): + """Terminate the process with SIGTERM pre-emptively checking + whether PID has been reused. + On Windows this is an alias for kill(). + """ + if POSIX: + self._send_signal(signal.SIGTERM) + else: # pragma: no cover + self._proc.kill() + + @_assert_pid_not_reused + def kill(self): + """Kill the current process with SIGKILL pre-emptively checking + whether PID has been reused. + """ + if POSIX: + self._send_signal(signal.SIGKILL) + else: # pragma: no cover + self._proc.kill() + + def wait(self, timeout=None): + """Wait for process to terminate and, if process is a children + of os.getpid(), also return its exit code, else None. + On Windows there's no such limitation (exit code is always + returned). + + If the process is already terminated immediately return None + instead of raising NoSuchProcess. + + If *timeout* (in seconds) is specified and process is still + alive raise TimeoutExpired. + + To wait for multiple Process(es) use psutil.wait_procs(). + """ + if timeout is not None and not timeout >= 0: + raise ValueError("timeout must be a positive integer") + if self._exitcode is not _SENTINEL: + return self._exitcode + self._exitcode = self._proc.wait(timeout) + return self._exitcode + + +# The valid attr names which can be processed by Process.as_dict(). +_as_dict_attrnames = set( + [x for x in dir(Process) if not x.startswith('_') and x not in + ['send_signal', 'suspend', 'resume', 'terminate', 'kill', 'wait', + 'is_running', 'as_dict', 'parent', 'parents', 'children', 'rlimit', + 'memory_info_ex', 'oneshot']]) + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- Popen class +# ===================================================================== + + +class Popen(Process): + """Same as subprocess.Popen, but in addition it provides all + psutil.Process methods in a single class. + For the following methods which are common to both classes, psutil + implementation takes precedence: + + * send_signal() + * terminate() + * kill() + + This is done in order to avoid killing another process in case its + PID has been reused, fixing BPO-6973. + + >>> import psutil + >>> from subprocess import PIPE + >>> p = psutil.Popen(["python", "-c", "print 'hi'"], stdout=PIPE) + >>> p.name() + 'python' + >>> p.uids() + user(real=1000, effective=1000, saved=1000) + >>> p.username() + 'giampaolo' + >>> p.communicate() + ('hi\n', None) + >>> p.terminate() + >>> p.wait(timeout=2) + 0 + >>> + """ + + def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): + # Explicitly avoid to raise NoSuchProcess in case the process + # spawned by subprocess.Popen terminates too quickly, see: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/193 + self.__subproc = subprocess.Popen(*args, **kwargs) + self._init(self.__subproc.pid, _ignore_nsp=True) + + def __dir__(self): + return sorted(set(dir(Popen) + dir(subprocess.Popen))) + + def __enter__(self): + if hasattr(self.__subproc, '__enter__'): + self.__subproc.__enter__() + return self + + def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs): + if hasattr(self.__subproc, '__exit__'): + return self.__subproc.__exit__(*args, **kwargs) + else: + if self.stdout: + self.stdout.close() + if self.stderr: + self.stderr.close() + try: + # Flushing a BufferedWriter may raise an error. + if self.stdin: + self.stdin.close() + finally: + # Wait for the process to terminate, to avoid zombies. + self.wait() + + def __getattribute__(self, name): + try: + return object.__getattribute__(self, name) + except AttributeError: + try: + return object.__getattribute__(self.__subproc, name) + except AttributeError: + raise AttributeError("%s instance has no attribute '%s'" + % (self.__class__.__name__, name)) + + def wait(self, timeout=None): + if self.__subproc.returncode is not None: + return self.__subproc.returncode + ret = super(Popen, self).wait(timeout) + self.__subproc.returncode = ret + return ret + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- system processes related functions +# ===================================================================== + + +def pids(): + """Return a list of current running PIDs.""" + global _LOWEST_PID + ret = sorted(_psplatform.pids()) + _LOWEST_PID = ret[0] + return ret + + +def pid_exists(pid): + """Return True if given PID exists in the current process list. + This is faster than doing "pid in psutil.pids()" and + should be preferred. + """ + if pid < 0: + return False + elif pid == 0 and POSIX: + # On POSIX we use os.kill() to determine PID existence. + # According to "man 2 kill" PID 0 has a special meaning + # though: it refers to <<every process in the process + # group of the calling process>> and that is not we want + # to do here. + return pid in pids() + else: + return _psplatform.pid_exists(pid) + + +_pmap = {} +_lock = threading.Lock() + + +def process_iter(attrs=None, ad_value=None): + """Return a generator yielding a Process instance for all + running processes. + + Every new Process instance is only created once and then cached + into an internal table which is updated every time this is used. + + Cached Process instances are checked for identity so that you're + safe in case a PID has been reused by another process, in which + case the cached instance is updated. + + The sorting order in which processes are yielded is based on + their PIDs. + + *attrs* and *ad_value* have the same meaning as in + Process.as_dict(). If *attrs* is specified as_dict() is called + and the resulting dict is stored as a 'info' attribute attached + to returned Process instance. + If *attrs* is an empty list it will retrieve all process info + (slow). + """ + def add(pid): + proc = Process(pid) + if attrs is not None: + proc.info = proc.as_dict(attrs=attrs, ad_value=ad_value) + with _lock: + _pmap[proc.pid] = proc + return proc + + def remove(pid): + with _lock: + _pmap.pop(pid, None) + + a = set(pids()) + b = set(_pmap.keys()) + new_pids = a - b + gone_pids = b - a + for pid in gone_pids: + remove(pid) + + with _lock: + ls = sorted(list(_pmap.items()) + + list(dict.fromkeys(new_pids).items())) + + for pid, proc in ls: + try: + if proc is None: # new process + yield add(pid) + else: + # use is_running() to check whether PID has been reused by + # another process in which case yield a new Process instance + if proc.is_running(): + if attrs is not None: + proc.info = proc.as_dict( + attrs=attrs, ad_value=ad_value) + yield proc + else: + yield add(pid) + except NoSuchProcess: + remove(pid) + except AccessDenied: + # Process creation time can't be determined hence there's + # no way to tell whether the pid of the cached process + # has been reused. Just return the cached version. + if proc is None and pid in _pmap: + try: + yield _pmap[pid] + except KeyError: + # If we get here it is likely that 2 threads were + # using process_iter(). + pass + else: + raise + + +def wait_procs(procs, timeout=None, callback=None): + """Convenience function which waits for a list of processes to + terminate. + + Return a (gone, alive) tuple indicating which processes + are gone and which ones are still alive. + + The gone ones will have a new *returncode* attribute indicating + process exit status (may be None). + + *callback* is a function which gets called every time a process + terminates (a Process instance is passed as callback argument). + + Function will return as soon as all processes terminate or when + *timeout* occurs. + Differently from Process.wait() it will not raise TimeoutExpired if + *timeout* occurs. + + Typical use case is: + + - send SIGTERM to a list of processes + - give them some time to terminate + - send SIGKILL to those ones which are still alive + + Example: + + >>> def on_terminate(proc): + ... print("process {} terminated".format(proc)) + ... + >>> for p in procs: + ... p.terminate() + ... + >>> gone, alive = wait_procs(procs, timeout=3, callback=on_terminate) + >>> for p in alive: + ... p.kill() + """ + def check_gone(proc, timeout): + try: + returncode = proc.wait(timeout=timeout) + except TimeoutExpired: + pass + else: + if returncode is not None or not proc.is_running(): + # Set new Process instance attribute. + proc.returncode = returncode + gone.add(proc) + if callback is not None: + callback(proc) + + if timeout is not None and not timeout >= 0: + msg = "timeout must be a positive integer, got %s" % timeout + raise ValueError(msg) + gone = set() + alive = set(procs) + if callback is not None and not callable(callback): + raise TypeError("callback %r is not a callable" % callable) + if timeout is not None: + deadline = _timer() + timeout + + while alive: + if timeout is not None and timeout <= 0: + break + for proc in alive: + # Make sure that every complete iteration (all processes) + # will last max 1 sec. + # We do this because we don't want to wait too long on a + # single process: in case it terminates too late other + # processes may disappear in the meantime and their PID + # reused. + max_timeout = 1.0 / len(alive) + if timeout is not None: + timeout = min((deadline - _timer()), max_timeout) + if timeout <= 0: + break + check_gone(proc, timeout) + else: + check_gone(proc, max_timeout) + alive = alive - gone + + if alive: + # Last attempt over processes survived so far. + # timeout == 0 won't make this function wait any further. + for proc in alive: + check_gone(proc, 0) + alive = alive - gone + + return (list(gone), list(alive)) + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- CPU related functions +# ===================================================================== + + +def cpu_count(logical=True): + """Return the number of logical CPUs in the system (same as + os.cpu_count() in Python 3.4). + + If *logical* is False return the number of physical cores only + (e.g. hyper thread CPUs are excluded). + + Return None if undetermined. + + The return value is cached after first call. + If desired cache can be cleared like this: + + >>> psutil.cpu_count.cache_clear() + """ + if logical: + ret = _psplatform.cpu_count_logical() + else: + ret = _psplatform.cpu_count_physical() + if ret is not None and ret < 1: + ret = None + return ret + + +def cpu_times(percpu=False): + """Return system-wide CPU times as a namedtuple. + Every CPU time represents the seconds the CPU has spent in the + given mode. The namedtuple's fields availability varies depending on the + platform: + + - user + - system + - idle + - nice (UNIX) + - iowait (Linux) + - irq (Linux, FreeBSD) + - softirq (Linux) + - steal (Linux >= 2.6.11) + - guest (Linux >= 2.6.24) + - guest_nice (Linux >= 3.2.0) + + When *percpu* is True return a list of namedtuples for each CPU. + First element of the list refers to first CPU, second element + to second CPU and so on. + The order of the list is consistent across calls. + """ + if not percpu: + return _psplatform.cpu_times() + else: + return _psplatform.per_cpu_times() + + +try: + _last_cpu_times = cpu_times() +except Exception: + # Don't want to crash at import time. + _last_cpu_times = None + +try: + _last_per_cpu_times = cpu_times(percpu=True) +except Exception: + # Don't want to crash at import time. + _last_per_cpu_times = None + + +def _cpu_tot_time(times): + """Given a cpu_time() ntuple calculates the total CPU time + (including idle time). + """ + tot = sum(times) + if LINUX: + # On Linux guest times are already accounted in "user" or + # "nice" times, so we subtract them from total. + # Htop does the same. References: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/940 + # http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/178045 + # https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/ + # 447976ef4fd09b1be88b316d1a81553f1aa7cd07/kernel/sched/ + # cputime.c#L158 + tot -= getattr(times, "guest", 0) # Linux 2.6.24+ + tot -= getattr(times, "guest_nice", 0) # Linux 3.2.0+ + return tot + + +def _cpu_busy_time(times): + """Given a cpu_time() ntuple calculates the busy CPU time. + We do so by subtracting all idle CPU times. + """ + busy = _cpu_tot_time(times) + busy -= times.idle + # Linux: "iowait" is time during which the CPU does not do anything + # (waits for IO to complete). On Linux IO wait is *not* accounted + # in "idle" time so we subtract it. Htop does the same. + # References: + # https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/ + # 447976ef4fd09b1be88b316d1a81553f1aa7cd07/kernel/sched/cputime.c#L244 + busy -= getattr(times, "iowait", 0) + return busy + + +def _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2): + assert t1._fields == t2._fields, (t1, t2) + field_deltas = [] + for field in _psplatform.scputimes._fields: + field_delta = getattr(t2, field) - getattr(t1, field) + # CPU times are always supposed to increase over time + # or at least remain the same and that's because time + # cannot go backwards. + # Surprisingly sometimes this might not be the case (at + # least on Windows and Linux), see: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/392 + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/645 + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1210 + # Trim negative deltas to zero to ignore decreasing fields. + # top does the same. Reference: + # https://gitlab.com/procps-ng/procps/blob/v3.3.12/top/top.c#L5063 + field_delta = max(0, field_delta) + field_deltas.append(field_delta) + return _psplatform.scputimes(*field_deltas) + + +def cpu_percent(interval=None, percpu=False): + """Return a float representing the current system-wide CPU + utilization as a percentage. + + When *interval* is > 0.0 compares system CPU times elapsed before + and after the interval (blocking). + + When *interval* is 0.0 or None compares system CPU times elapsed + since last call or module import, returning immediately (non + blocking). That means the first time this is called it will + return a meaningless 0.0 value which you should ignore. + In this case is recommended for accuracy that this function be + called with at least 0.1 seconds between calls. + + When *percpu* is True returns a list of floats representing the + utilization as a percentage for each CPU. + First element of the list refers to first CPU, second element + to second CPU and so on. + The order of the list is consistent across calls. + + Examples: + + >>> # blocking, system-wide + >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1) + 2.0 + >>> + >>> # blocking, per-cpu + >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True) + [2.0, 1.0] + >>> + >>> # non-blocking (percentage since last call) + >>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=None) + 2.9 + >>> + """ + global _last_cpu_times + global _last_per_cpu_times + blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0 + if interval is not None and interval < 0: + raise ValueError("interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval) + + def calculate(t1, t2): + times_delta = _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2) + + all_delta = _cpu_tot_time(times_delta) + busy_delta = _cpu_busy_time(times_delta) + + try: + busy_perc = (busy_delta / all_delta) * 100 + except ZeroDivisionError: + return 0.0 + else: + return round(busy_perc, 1) + + # system-wide usage + if not percpu: + if blocking: + t1 = cpu_times() + time.sleep(interval) + else: + t1 = _last_cpu_times + if t1 is None: + # Something bad happened at import time. We'll + # get a meaningful result on the next call. See: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/715 + t1 = cpu_times() + _last_cpu_times = cpu_times() + return calculate(t1, _last_cpu_times) + # per-cpu usage + else: + ret = [] + if blocking: + tot1 = cpu_times(percpu=True) + time.sleep(interval) + else: + tot1 = _last_per_cpu_times + if tot1 is None: + # Something bad happened at import time. We'll + # get a meaningful result on the next call. See: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/715 + tot1 = cpu_times(percpu=True) + _last_per_cpu_times = cpu_times(percpu=True) + for t1, t2 in zip(tot1, _last_per_cpu_times): + ret.append(calculate(t1, t2)) + return ret + + +# Use separate global vars for cpu_times_percent() so that it's +# independent from cpu_percent() and they can both be used within +# the same program. +_last_cpu_times_2 = _last_cpu_times +_last_per_cpu_times_2 = _last_per_cpu_times + + +def cpu_times_percent(interval=None, percpu=False): + """Same as cpu_percent() but provides utilization percentages + for each specific CPU time as is returned by cpu_times(). + For instance, on Linux we'll get: + + >>> cpu_times_percent() + cpupercent(user=4.8, nice=0.0, system=4.8, idle=90.5, iowait=0.0, + irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0, guest_nice=0.0) + >>> + + *interval* and *percpu* arguments have the same meaning as in + cpu_percent(). + """ + global _last_cpu_times_2 + global _last_per_cpu_times_2 + blocking = interval is not None and interval > 0.0 + if interval is not None and interval < 0: + raise ValueError("interval is not positive (got %r)" % interval) + + def calculate(t1, t2): + nums = [] + times_delta = _cpu_times_deltas(t1, t2) + all_delta = _cpu_tot_time(times_delta) + # "scale" is the value to multiply each delta with to get percentages. + # We use "max" to avoid division by zero (if all_delta is 0, then all + # fields are 0 so percentages will be 0 too. all_delta cannot be a + # fraction because cpu times are integers) + scale = 100.0 / max(1, all_delta) + for field_delta in times_delta: + field_perc = field_delta * scale + field_perc = round(field_perc, 1) + # make sure we don't return negative values or values over 100% + field_perc = min(max(0.0, field_perc), 100.0) + nums.append(field_perc) + return _psplatform.scputimes(*nums) + + # system-wide usage + if not percpu: + if blocking: + t1 = cpu_times() + time.sleep(interval) + else: + t1 = _last_cpu_times_2 + if t1 is None: + # Something bad happened at import time. We'll + # get a meaningful result on the next call. See: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/715 + t1 = cpu_times() + _last_cpu_times_2 = cpu_times() + return calculate(t1, _last_cpu_times_2) + # per-cpu usage + else: + ret = [] + if blocking: + tot1 = cpu_times(percpu=True) + time.sleep(interval) + else: + tot1 = _last_per_cpu_times_2 + if tot1 is None: + # Something bad happened at import time. We'll + # get a meaningful result on the next call. See: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/pull/715 + tot1 = cpu_times(percpu=True) + _last_per_cpu_times_2 = cpu_times(percpu=True) + for t1, t2 in zip(tot1, _last_per_cpu_times_2): + ret.append(calculate(t1, t2)) + return ret + + +def cpu_stats(): + """Return CPU statistics.""" + return _psplatform.cpu_stats() + + +if hasattr(_psplatform, "cpu_freq"): + + def cpu_freq(percpu=False): + """Return CPU frequency as a nameduple including current, + min and max frequency expressed in Mhz. + + If *percpu* is True and the system supports per-cpu frequency + retrieval (Linux only) a list of frequencies is returned for + each CPU. If not a list with one element is returned. + """ + ret = _psplatform.cpu_freq() + if percpu: + return ret + else: + num_cpus = float(len(ret)) + if num_cpus == 0: + return None + elif num_cpus == 1: + return ret[0] + else: + currs, mins, maxs = 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 + set_none = False + for cpu in ret: + currs += cpu.current + # On Linux if /proc/cpuinfo is used min/max are set + # to None. + if LINUX and cpu.min is None: + set_none = True + continue + mins += cpu.min + maxs += cpu.max + + current = currs / num_cpus + + if set_none: + min_ = max_ = None + else: + min_ = mins / num_cpus + max_ = maxs / num_cpus + + return _common.scpufreq(current, min_, max_) + + __all__.append("cpu_freq") + + +if hasattr(os, "getloadavg") or hasattr(_psplatform, "getloadavg"): + # Perform this hasattr check once on import time to either use the + # platform based code or proxy straight from the os module. + if hasattr(os, "getloadavg"): + getloadavg = os.getloadavg + else: + getloadavg = _psplatform.getloadavg + + __all__.append("getloadavg") + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- system memory related functions +# ===================================================================== + + +def virtual_memory(): + """Return statistics about system memory usage as a namedtuple + including the following fields, expressed in bytes: + + - total: + total physical memory available. + + - available: + the memory that can be given instantly to processes without the + system going into swap. + This is calculated by summing different memory values depending + on the platform and it is supposed to be used to monitor actual + memory usage in a cross platform fashion. + + - percent: + the percentage usage calculated as (total - available) / total * 100 + + - used: + memory used, calculated differently depending on the platform and + designed for informational purposes only: + macOS: active + wired + BSD: active + wired + cached + Linux: total - free + + - free: + memory not being used at all (zeroed) that is readily available; + note that this doesn't reflect the actual memory available + (use 'available' instead) + + Platform-specific fields: + + - active (UNIX): + memory currently in use or very recently used, and so it is in RAM. + + - inactive (UNIX): + memory that is marked as not used. + + - buffers (BSD, Linux): + cache for things like file system metadata. + + - cached (BSD, macOS): + cache for various things. + + - wired (macOS, BSD): + memory that is marked to always stay in RAM. It is never moved to disk. + + - shared (BSD): + memory that may be simultaneously accessed by multiple processes. + + The sum of 'used' and 'available' does not necessarily equal total. + On Windows 'available' and 'free' are the same. + """ + global _TOTAL_PHYMEM + ret = _psplatform.virtual_memory() + # cached for later use in Process.memory_percent() + _TOTAL_PHYMEM = ret.total + return ret + + +def swap_memory(): + """Return system swap memory statistics as a namedtuple including + the following fields: + + - total: total swap memory in bytes + - used: used swap memory in bytes + - free: free swap memory in bytes + - percent: the percentage usage + - sin: no. of bytes the system has swapped in from disk (cumulative) + - sout: no. of bytes the system has swapped out from disk (cumulative) + + 'sin' and 'sout' on Windows are meaningless and always set to 0. + """ + return _psplatform.swap_memory() + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- disks/paritions related functions +# ===================================================================== + + +def disk_usage(path): + """Return disk usage statistics about the given *path* as a + namedtuple including total, used and free space expressed in bytes + plus the percentage usage. + """ + return _psplatform.disk_usage(path) + + +def disk_partitions(all=False): + """Return mounted partitions as a list of + (device, mountpoint, fstype, opts) namedtuple. + 'opts' field is a raw string separated by commas indicating mount + options which may vary depending on the platform. + + If *all* parameter is False return physical devices only and ignore + all others. + """ + return _psplatform.disk_partitions(all) + + +def disk_io_counters(perdisk=False, nowrap=True): + """Return system disk I/O statistics as a namedtuple including + the following fields: + + - read_count: number of reads + - write_count: number of writes + - read_bytes: number of bytes read + - write_bytes: number of bytes written + - read_time: time spent reading from disk (in ms) + - write_time: time spent writing to disk (in ms) + + Platform specific: + + - busy_time: (Linux, FreeBSD) time spent doing actual I/Os (in ms) + - read_merged_count (Linux): number of merged reads + - write_merged_count (Linux): number of merged writes + + If *perdisk* is True return the same information for every + physical disk installed on the system as a dictionary + with partition names as the keys and the namedtuple + described above as the values. + + If *nowrap* is True it detects and adjust the numbers which overflow + and wrap (restart from 0) and add "old value" to "new value" so that + the returned numbers will always be increasing or remain the same, + but never decrease. + "disk_io_counters.cache_clear()" can be used to invalidate the + cache. + + On recent Windows versions 'diskperf -y' command may need to be + executed first otherwise this function won't find any disk. + """ + kwargs = dict(perdisk=perdisk) if LINUX else {} + rawdict = _psplatform.disk_io_counters(**kwargs) + if not rawdict: + return {} if perdisk else None + if nowrap: + rawdict = _wrap_numbers(rawdict, 'psutil.disk_io_counters') + nt = getattr(_psplatform, "sdiskio", _common.sdiskio) + if perdisk: + for disk, fields in rawdict.items(): + rawdict[disk] = nt(*fields) + return rawdict + else: + return nt(*[sum(x) for x in zip(*rawdict.values())]) + + +disk_io_counters.cache_clear = functools.partial( + _wrap_numbers.cache_clear, 'psutil.disk_io_counters') +disk_io_counters.cache_clear.__doc__ = "Clears nowrap argument cache" + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- network related functions +# ===================================================================== + + +def net_io_counters(pernic=False, nowrap=True): + """Return network I/O statistics as a namedtuple including + the following fields: + + - bytes_sent: number of bytes sent + - bytes_recv: number of bytes received + - packets_sent: number of packets sent + - packets_recv: number of packets received + - errin: total number of errors while receiving + - errout: total number of errors while sending + - dropin: total number of incoming packets which were dropped + - dropout: total number of outgoing packets which were dropped + (always 0 on macOS and BSD) + + If *pernic* is True return the same information for every + network interface installed on the system as a dictionary + with network interface names as the keys and the namedtuple + described above as the values. + + If *nowrap* is True it detects and adjust the numbers which overflow + and wrap (restart from 0) and add "old value" to "new value" so that + the returned numbers will always be increasing or remain the same, + but never decrease. + "disk_io_counters.cache_clear()" can be used to invalidate the + cache. + """ + rawdict = _psplatform.net_io_counters() + if not rawdict: + return {} if pernic else None + if nowrap: + rawdict = _wrap_numbers(rawdict, 'psutil.net_io_counters') + if pernic: + for nic, fields in rawdict.items(): + rawdict[nic] = _common.snetio(*fields) + return rawdict + else: + return _common.snetio(*[sum(x) for x in zip(*rawdict.values())]) + + +net_io_counters.cache_clear = functools.partial( + _wrap_numbers.cache_clear, 'psutil.net_io_counters') +net_io_counters.cache_clear.__doc__ = "Clears nowrap argument cache" + + +def net_connections(kind='inet'): + """Return system-wide socket connections as a list of + (fd, family, type, laddr, raddr, status, pid) namedtuples. + In case of limited privileges 'fd' and 'pid' may be set to -1 + and None respectively. + The *kind* parameter filters for connections that fit the + following criteria: + + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | Kind Value | Connections using | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + | inet | IPv4 and IPv6 | + | inet4 | IPv4 | + | inet6 | IPv6 | + | tcp | TCP | + | tcp4 | TCP over IPv4 | + | tcp6 | TCP over IPv6 | + | udp | UDP | + | udp4 | UDP over IPv4 | + | udp6 | UDP over IPv6 | + | unix | UNIX socket (both UDP and TCP protocols) | + | all | the sum of all the possible families and protocols | + +------------+----------------------------------------------------+ + + On macOS this function requires root privileges. + """ + return _psplatform.net_connections(kind) + + +def net_if_addrs(): + """Return the addresses associated to each NIC (network interface + card) installed on the system as a dictionary whose keys are the + NIC names and value is a list of namedtuples for each address + assigned to the NIC. Each namedtuple includes 5 fields: + + - family: can be either socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6 or + psutil.AF_LINK, which refers to a MAC address. + - address: is the primary address and it is always set. + - netmask: and 'broadcast' and 'ptp' may be None. + - ptp: stands for "point to point" and references the + destination address on a point to point interface + (typically a VPN). + - broadcast: and *ptp* are mutually exclusive. + + Note: you can have more than one address of the same family + associated with each interface. + """ + has_enums = sys.version_info >= (3, 4) + if has_enums: + import socket + rawlist = _psplatform.net_if_addrs() + rawlist.sort(key=lambda x: x[1]) # sort by family + ret = collections.defaultdict(list) + for name, fam, addr, mask, broadcast, ptp in rawlist: + if has_enums: + try: + fam = socket.AddressFamily(fam) + except ValueError: + if WINDOWS and fam == -1: + fam = _psplatform.AF_LINK + elif (hasattr(_psplatform, "AF_LINK") and + _psplatform.AF_LINK == fam): + # Linux defines AF_LINK as an alias for AF_PACKET. + # We re-set the family here so that repr(family) + # will show AF_LINK rather than AF_PACKET + fam = _psplatform.AF_LINK + if fam == _psplatform.AF_LINK: + # The underlying C function may return an incomplete MAC + # address in which case we fill it with null bytes, see: + # https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/786 + separator = ":" if POSIX else "-" + while addr.count(separator) < 5: + addr += "%s00" % separator + ret[name].append(_common.snicaddr(fam, addr, mask, broadcast, ptp)) + return dict(ret) + + +def net_if_stats(): + """Return information about each NIC (network interface card) + installed on the system as a dictionary whose keys are the + NIC names and value is a namedtuple with the following fields: + + - isup: whether the interface is up (bool) + - duplex: can be either NIC_DUPLEX_FULL, NIC_DUPLEX_HALF or + NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN + - speed: the NIC speed expressed in mega bits (MB); if it can't + be determined (e.g. 'localhost') it will be set to 0. + - mtu: the maximum transmission unit expressed in bytes. + """ + return _psplatform.net_if_stats() + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- sensors +# ===================================================================== + + +# Linux, macOS +if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_temperatures"): + + def sensors_temperatures(fahrenheit=False): + """Return hardware temperatures. Each entry is a namedtuple + representing a certain hardware sensor (it may be a CPU, an + hard disk or something else, depending on the OS and its + configuration). + All temperatures are expressed in celsius unless *fahrenheit* + is set to True. + """ + def convert(n): + if n is not None: + return (float(n) * 9 / 5) + 32 if fahrenheit else n + + ret = collections.defaultdict(list) + rawdict = _psplatform.sensors_temperatures() + + for name, values in rawdict.items(): + while values: + label, current, high, critical = values.pop(0) + current = convert(current) + high = convert(high) + critical = convert(critical) + + if high and not critical: + critical = high + elif critical and not high: + high = critical + + ret[name].append( + _common.shwtemp(label, current, high, critical)) + + return dict(ret) + + __all__.append("sensors_temperatures") + + +# Linux +if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_fans"): + + def sensors_fans(): + """Return fans speed. Each entry is a namedtuple + representing a certain hardware sensor. + All speed are expressed in RPM (rounds per minute). + """ + return _psplatform.sensors_fans() + + __all__.append("sensors_fans") + + +# Linux, Windows, FreeBSD, macOS +if hasattr(_psplatform, "sensors_battery"): + + def sensors_battery(): + """Return battery information. If no battery is installed + returns None. + + - percent: battery power left as a percentage. + - secsleft: a rough approximation of how many seconds are left + before the battery runs out of power. May be + POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED or POWER_TIME_UNLIMITED. + - power_plugged: True if the AC power cable is connected. + """ + return _psplatform.sensors_battery() + + __all__.append("sensors_battery") + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- other system related functions +# ===================================================================== + + +def boot_time(): + """Return the system boot time expressed in seconds since the epoch.""" + # Note: we are not caching this because it is subject to + # system clock updates. + return _psplatform.boot_time() + + +def users(): + """Return users currently connected on the system as a list of + namedtuples including the following fields. + + - user: the name of the user + - terminal: the tty or pseudo-tty associated with the user, if any. + - host: the host name associated with the entry, if any. + - started: the creation time as a floating point number expressed in + seconds since the epoch. + """ + return _psplatform.users() + + +# ===================================================================== +# --- Windows services +# ===================================================================== + + +if WINDOWS: + + def win_service_iter(): + """Return a generator yielding a WindowsService instance for all + Windows services installed. + """ + return _psplatform.win_service_iter() + + def win_service_get(name): + """Get a Windows service by *name*. + Raise NoSuchProcess if no service with such name exists. + """ + return _psplatform.win_service_get(name) + + +# ===================================================================== + + +def test(): # pragma: no cover + from ._common import bytes2human + from ._compat import get_terminal_size + + today_day = datetime.date.today() + templ = "%-10s %5s %5s %7s %7s %5s %6s %6s %6s %s" + attrs = ['pid', 'memory_percent', 'name', 'cmdline', 'cpu_times', + 'create_time', 'memory_info', 'status', 'nice', 'username'] + print(templ % ("USER", "PID", "%MEM", "VSZ", "RSS", "NICE", # NOQA + "STATUS", "START", "TIME", "CMDLINE")) + for p in process_iter(attrs, ad_value=None): + if p.info['create_time']: + ctime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(p.info['create_time']) + if ctime.date() == today_day: + ctime = ctime.strftime("%H:%M") + else: + ctime = ctime.strftime("%b%d") + else: + ctime = '' + if p.info['cpu_times']: + cputime = time.strftime("%M:%S", + time.localtime(sum(p.info['cpu_times']))) + else: + cputime = '' + + user = p.info['username'] or '' + if not user and POSIX: + try: + user = p.uids()[0] + except Error: + pass + if user and WINDOWS and '\\' in user: + user = user.split('\\')[1] + user = user[:9] + vms = bytes2human(p.info['memory_info'].vms) if \ + p.info['memory_info'] is not None else '' + rss = bytes2human(p.info['memory_info'].rss) if \ + p.info['memory_info'] is not None else '' + memp = round(p.info['memory_percent'], 1) if \ + p.info['memory_percent'] is not None else '' + nice = int(p.info['nice']) if p.info['nice'] else '' + if p.info['cmdline']: + cmdline = ' '.join(p.info['cmdline']) + else: + cmdline = p.info['name'] + status = p.info['status'][:5] if p.info['status'] else '' + + line = templ % ( + user[:10], + p.info['pid'], + memp, + vms, + rss, + nice, + status, + ctime, + cputime, + cmdline) + print(line[:get_terminal_size()[0]]) # NOQA + + +del memoize_when_activated, division +if sys.version_info[0] < 3: + del num, x + +if __name__ == "__main__": + test()