core cell cycle protein
A protein being considered as principal in the regulation of the cell cycle process
mitotic spindle elongation
Lengthening of the distance between poles of the mitotic spindle.
spindle elongation during mitosis
mitotic sister chromatid segregation
The cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the mitotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner. One homolog of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
mitotic chromosome segregation
mitotic sister-chromatid adhesion release
M phase specific microtubule process
A microtubule-based process that occurs only during M phase of the cell cycle.
M-phase specific microtubule process
regulation of progression through cell cycle
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
cell cycle regulator
RHEB small monomeric GTPase activity
tumor suppressor
control of cell cycle progression
modulation of cell cycle progression
regulation of cell cycle progression
cell cycle checkpoint
A point in the eukaryotic cell cycle where progress through the cycle can be halted until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage.
DNA replication checkpoint
A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that prevents the initiation of mitosis until DNA replication is complete, thereby ensuring that progeny inherit a full complement of the genome.
DNA damage checkpoint
A signal transduction pathway, induced by DNA damage, that blocks cell cycle progression (in G1, G2 or metaphase) or slows the rate at which S phase proceeds.
DNA damage response, signal transduction resulting in cell cycle arrest
cell morphogenesis checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint observed when aspects of polarity control are defective, which maintains coordination between the process of cellular morphogenesis and the nuclear events of the cell cycle. For example, in budding yeast cell-cycle delay or arrest is induced when aspects of bud formation are defective.
regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
regulation of CDK activity
G1 phase of mitotic cell cycle
Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
Progression from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
G1/S-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G1/S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
S phase of mitotic cell cycle
Progression through S phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place.
G2 phase of mitotic cell cycle
Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the mitotic cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis.
G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
Progression from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
M phase of mitotic cell cycle
Progression through M phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
M-phase of mitotic cell cycle
mitotic prophase
Progression through prophase, the initial stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes are condensed but are not yet attached to a mitotic spindle.
mitotic metaphase
Progression through metaphase, the stage of mitosis at which chromosomes are firmly attached to the mitotic spindle at its equator but have not yet segregated to opposite poles.
mitotic anaphase
Progression through anaphase, the stage of mitosis during which the two sets of chromosomes separate and move away from each other.
mitotic anaphase A
Progression through anaphase A, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the kinetochore microtubules shorten as chromosomes move toward the spindle poles.
mitotic anaphase B
Progression through anaphase B, the part of mitotic anaphase in which the polar microtubules elongate and the two poles of the spindle move farther apart.
mitotic telophase
Progression through telophase, the last of the stages of mitosis; in the canonical cell cycle, telophase begins when the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
G1-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
S-phase-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the S phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
S-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
G2-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G2 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
G2/M-specific transcription in mitotic cell cycle
Any process that regulates transcription such that the target genes are transcribed during the G2/M phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
establishment of mitotic spindle orientation
The processes that set the alignment of mitotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
establishment of spindle orientation during mitosis
mitotic spindle orientation
orienting of mitotic spindle
mitotic spindle orientation (sensu Fungi)
mitotic spindle orientation (sensu Saccharomyces)
septin checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that detects septin defects and responds by inhibiting the mitotic CDK. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, correct formation of a functional septin cytoskeleton permits the cell to switch to isotropic bud growth and the onset of mitotic chromosome segregation. In the presence of septin defects, the mitotic CDK is inhibited and both the switch to isotropic bud growth and the onset of mitotic chromosome segregation is delayed.
meiotic spindle organization and biogenesis
The cell cycle process whereby the microtubule spindle is formed and maintained during a meiotic cell cycle.
meiotic spindle organisation and biogenesis
spindle organization and biogenesis during meiosis
M/G1 transition of mitotic cell cycle
Progression from M phase to G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic prometaphase
Progression through prometaphase, the stage following prophase in mitosis (in higher eukaryotes) during which the nuclear envelope is disrupted and breaks into membrane vesicles, and the spindle microtubules enter the nuclear region. Kinetochores mature on each centromere and attach to some of the spindle microtubules. Kinetochore microtubules begin the process of aligning chromosomes in one plane halfway between the poles.
leptotene
Progression through the first stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which chromosomes first become visible.
zygotene
Progression through the second stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which each chromosome pairs with its homolog; the two become aligned and crossing over may occur.
pachytene
Progression through the third stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which crossing over occurs between a chromatid in one partner and another chromatid in the homologous chromosome.
diplotene
Progression through the fourth stage of prophase I in meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes begin to separate and the synaptonemal complex dissolves.
diakinesis
Progression through the final stage of prophase I in meiosis; the transition to meiotic metaphase I.
mitotic cell cycle
Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy; comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M.
M phase
Progression through M phase, the part of the cell cycle comprising nuclear division and cytokinesis.
M-phase
cytokinesis after mitosis
The processes resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after mitosis, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
re-entry into mitotic cell cycle
The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by cells that were in a quiescent or other non-dividing state.
re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest
The resumption of the mitotic cell division cycle by pheromone-arrested cells that have not mated.
re-entry into mitotic cell cycle after pheromone arrest (sensu Saccharomyces)
achiasmate meiosis I
The first division of meiosis in which homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, occurring in the constitutive absence of chiasmata.
meiotic DNA double-strand break processing
The cell cycle process whereby the 5' to 3' exonucleolytic resection of the DNA at the site of the break to form a 3' single-strand DNA overhang occurs. This takes place during meiosis.
meiotic DNA recombinase assembly
During meiosis, the assembly of strand exchange proteins (recombinases) into higher order oligomers on single-stranded DNA.
meiotic strand invasion
The cell cycle process whereby the nucleoprotein complex (composed of the broken single-strand DNA and the recombinase) searches and identifies a region of homology in intact duplex DNA. The broken single-strand DNA displaces the like strand and forms Watson-Crick base pairs with its complement, forming a duplex in which each strand is from one of the two recombining DNA molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
meiotic D-loop biosynthesis
meiotic D-loop formation
meiotic joint molecule formation
The conversion of the paired broken DNA and homologous duplex DNA into a four-stranded branched intermediate, known as a joint molecule. These joint molecules contain Holliday junctions on either side of heteroduplex DNA.
meiotic mismatch repair
A system for the identification and correction of base-base mismatches, small insertion-deletion loops, and regions of heterology that are present in duplex DNA formed with strands from two recombining molecules. Correction of the mismatch can result in non-Mendelian segregation of alleles following meiosis.
meiotic DNA repair synthesis
During meiosis, the synthesis of DNA proceeding from the broken 3' single-strand DNA end that uses the homologous intact duplex as the template.
resolution of meiotic joint molecules as recombinants
The cleavage and rejoining of Holliday junctions to produce two intact molecules in which genetic material has been exchanged.
meiotic homologous chromosome separation
homologous chromosome separation at meiosis I
crossover biosynthesis
crossover formation
formation of chiasmata
meiotic heteroduplex formation
During meiosis, the formation of a stable duplex DNA that contains one strand from each of the two recombining DNA molecules.
meiotic strand displacement
The cell cycle process whereby the broken 3' single-strand DNA molecule that formed heteroduplex DNA with its complement in an intact duplex DNA is rejected. The Watson-Crick base pairing in the original duplex is restored. The rejected 3' single-strand DNA molecule reanneals with its original complement to reform two intact duplex molecules. This occurs during meiosis.
cell cycle arrest in response to pheromone
The processes that lead to a halt in cell cycle progression (cessation of cell cycle transitions) as a result of a pheromone stimulus.
cell cycle arrest (sensu Saccharomyces)
negative regulation of exit from mitosis
Any process involved in the inhibition of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
down regulation of exit from mitosis
down-regulation of exit from mitosis
downregulation of exit from mitosis
inhibition of exit from mitosis
meiotic gene conversion
The cell cycle process whereby genetic information is transferred from one helix to another. It often occurs in association with general genetic recombination events, and is believed to be a straightforward consequence of the mechanisms of general recombination and DNA repair. For example, meiosis might yield three copies of the maternal version of an allele and only one copy of the paternal allele, indicating that one of the two copies of the paternal allele has been changed to a copy of the maternal allele.
gene conversion without reciprocal crossover
DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest
A cascade of processes induced by the cell cycle regulator phosphoprotein p53, or an equivalent protein, in response to the detection of DNA damage and resulting in the stopping or reduction in rate of the cell cycle.
cell cycle
The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.
cell-division cycle
cell cycle arrest
Any process by which progression through the cell cycle is halted during one of the normal phases (G1, S, G2, M).
arrest of cell cycle progression
cessation of cell cycle
termination of cell cycle
mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis
The cell cycle process whereby the microtubule spindle is formed and maintained during a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic spindle organisation and biogenesis
spindle organization and biogenesis during mitosis
male meiotic spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
The formation of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in males. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id&#58;33208).
male meiosis I spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in males. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id&#58;33208).
male meiosis II spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
female meiotic spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
The formation of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id&#58;33208).
female meiosis I spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
The formation of the spindle during meiosis I of a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id&#58;33208).
female meiosis II spindle assembly (sensu Metazoa)
The formation of the spindle during meiosis II of a meiotic cell cycle in females. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id&#58;33208).
male meiosis chromosome segregation
The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a male.
mitotic sister chromatid cohesion
The cell cycle process whereby the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during mitosis. This cohesion cycle is critical for high fidelity chromosome transmission.
male meiosis sister chromatid cohesion
The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a male.
female meiosis sister chromatid cohesion
The joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome that occurs during meiosis in a female.
mitosis
Progression through mitosis, the division of the eukaryotic cell nucleus to produce two daughter nuclei that, usually, contain the identical chromosome complement to their mother.
negative regulation of transcription, mitotic
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis.
down regulation of transcription, mitotic
down-regulation of transcription, mitotic
downregulation of transcription, mitotic
mitotic repression of transcription
inhibition of transcription, mitotic
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis.
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
mitotic repression of transcription from Pol I promoter
negative regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter, mitotic
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis.
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
mitotic repression of transcription from Pol II promoter
negative regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter, mitotic
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis.
down regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
down-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
downregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
mitotic repression of transcription from Pol III promoter
negative regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter, mitotic
inhibition of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis
The cell cycle process whereby transcription is positively regulated as the cell leaves M phase. M phase is the part of the mitotic cell cycle during which mitosis and cytokinesis take place.
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase I promoter
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol I promoter
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase II promoter
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol II promoter
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from RNA polymerase III promoter
activation of transcription on exit from mitosis, from Pol III promoter
mitotic chromosome condensation
The cell cycle process whereby chromatin structure is compacted prior to mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
mitotic nuclear envelope disassembly
The cell cycle process whereby the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitotic cell division occurs.
mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown
mitotic nuclear envelope catabolism
mitotic nuclear envelope degradation
lamin depolymerization
The cell cycle process whereby lamin is depolymerized.
mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles occurs. This mediates by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during mitosis.
chromosome migration to spindle pole during mitosis
chromosome movement towards spindle pole during mitosis
mitotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
mitotic sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole
sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole during mitosis
mitotic chromosome movement
mitotic metaphase plate congression
The cell cycle process whereby chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the mitotic spindle, during mitosis.
mitotic chromosome decondensation
The cell cycle process whereby chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form taken on during mitosis to the relaxed disperse form held in resting cells.
mitotic nuclear envelope reassembly
The cell cycle process whereby the nuclear envelope reforms during mitotic cell division.
vesicle fusion with nuclear membrane
The cell cycle process whereby the joining of the lipid bilayer membrane around a vesicle with the lipid bilayer membrane around the nucleus occurs.
vesicle fusion
mitotic nuclear pore complex reassembly
The cell cycle process whereby nuclear pore complexes reform during mitotic cell division.
regulation of mitosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
traversing start control point of mitotic cell cycle
Passage through a cell cycle control point late in G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just before entry into S phase; in most organisms studied, including budding yeast and animal cells, passage through start normally commits the cell to progressing through the entire cell cycle.
G1 checkpoint
regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the S phase of mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
The cell cycle process whereby a cell progresses from metaphase to anaphase during mitosis, triggered by the destruction of mitotic cyclins.
anaphase-promoting complex activation during mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex during the mitotic cell cycle.
activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase promoting complex during mitotic cell cycle
activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase-promoting complex during mitotic cell cycle
activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of APC during mitotic cell cycle
anaphase promoting complex activation during mitotic cell cycle
APC activation during mitotic cell cycle
mitotic anaphase promoting complex activation
mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activation
mitotic APC activation
mitotic anaphase promoting complex activator
mitotic anaphase-promoting complex activator
mitotic APC activator
mitotic checkpoint
A signal transduction-based surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate chromosome segregation by preventing entry into, passage through and exit from mitosis. Events that may be monitored include the formation of a correctly assembled spindle, the position of the spindle pole (centrosome) and the orientation of the spindle and cellular morphogenesis.
mitotic spindle checkpoint
A signal transduction based surveillance mechanism that ensures the fidelity of cell division by preventing the premature advance of cells from metaphase to anaphase prior to the successful attachment of kinetochores to spindle microtubules (spindle assembly).
Mad2-dependent checkpoint
mitotic G2 checkpoint
A signal transduction-based surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate chromosome segregation by preventing entry into mitosis in the presence of damaged DNA.
mitotic G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
regulation of exit from mitosis
Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity.
centrosome cycle
The cell cycle process whereby centrosome duplication and separation takes place. The centrosome cycle can operate with a considerable degree of independence from other processes of the cell cycle.
centriole replication
The cell cycle process whereby a daughter centriole is formed perpendicular to an existing centriole. An immature centriole contains a ninefold radially symmetric array of single microtubules; mature centrioles consist of a radial array of nine microtubule triplets, doublets, or singlets depending upon the species and cell type.
centriole duplication
mitotic centrosome separation
Separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
male meiosis centrosome cycle
Centrosome duplication and separation in the context of male meiosis.
cytokinesis after meiosis I
The processes resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis I, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
cytokinesis after meiosis II
The processes resulting in the division of the cytoplasm of a cell after meiosis II, resulting in the separation of the original cell into two daughter cells.
endomitotic cell cycle
The replication and division of chromosomes which is not followed by nuclear division, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.
endomitosis
meiosis
Progression through meiosis, the specialized nuclear and cell division in which a single diploid cell undergoes two nuclear divisions following a single round of DNA replication in order to produce four daughter cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. Meiosis occurs during the formation of gametes from diploid organisms and at the beginning of haplophase in those organisms that alternate between diploid and haploid generations.
meiosis I
Progression through the first phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and homologous chromosomes are paired and segregated from each other, producing two daughter cells.
meiotic prophase I
Progression through prophase of meiosis I; divided into several stages.
synapsis
The cell cycle process whereby the side by side pairing and physical juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes is created at the metaphase plate.
homologous chromosome pairing at meiosis
synaptonemal complex assembly
The cell cycle process whereby the synaptonemal complex is formed. This is a structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.
synaptonemal complex formation
meiotic recombination
The cell cycle process whereby double strand breaks are formed and repaired through a double Holliday junction intermediate. This results in the equal exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes. These reciprocal recombinant products ensure the proper segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I and create genetic diversity.
gene conversion with reciprocal crossover
female meiotic recombination
meiotic metaphase I
Progression through metaphase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic metaphase.
meiotic anaphase I
Progression through anaphase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic anaphase.
meiotic telophase I
Progression through telophase of meiosis I; analogous to mitotic telophase.
meiosis II
Progression through the second phase of meiosis, in which cells divide and separate the two chromatids in each chromosome.
meiotic prophase II
Progression through prophase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic prophase.
meiotic metaphase II
Progression through metaphase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic metaphase.
meiotic anaphase II
Progression through anaphase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic anaphase.
meiotic telophase II
Progression through telophase of meiosis II; analogous to mitotic telophase.
male meiosis
Meiosis in the male germline.
male meiosis I
Progression through male meiosis I, the first meiotic division in the male germline.
male meiosis II
Progression through male meiosis II, the second meiotic division in the male germline.
female meiosis
Note that female germ lines can be found in female or hermaphroditic organisms, so this term can be used to annotate gene products from hermaprodites such as those of C. elegans. See also the biological process term 'meiosis ; GO:0007126'.
Meiosis in the female germline.
female meiosis I
The cell cycle process whereby the first meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
meiotic recombination nodule assembly
The assembly of small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes.
female meiosis II
The cell cycle process whereby the second meiotic division occurs in the female germline.
regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic cell cycle regulator
control of mitotic cell cycle progression
mitotic cell cycle control
mitotic cell cycle modulation
mitotic cell cycle regulation
modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of mitotic cell cycle
regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle regulator
control of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
modulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle control
preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle modulation
preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle regulation
regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
syncytial blastoderm cell cycle regulator
control of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
modulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle
regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
syncytial blastoderm cell cycle control
syncytial blastoderm cell cycle modulation
syncytial blastoderm cell cycle regulation
cyclin catabolic process
The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of cyclins, proteins whose levels in a cell varies markedly during the cell cycle, and which play key roles in regulating cell cycle phase transitions.
cyclin breakdown
cyclin catabolism
cyclin degradation
degradation of cyclin
meiotic G2/MI transition
The cell cycle process whereby a cell progresses from meiotic prophase to metaphase I.
regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo.
embryonic mitotic cell cycle regulator
control of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
embryonic mitotic cell cycle control
embryonic mitotic cell cycle modulation
embryonic mitotic cell cycle regulation
modulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle
regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
cell plate formation (sensu Magnoliophyta)
The cell cycle process whereby the cell plate is formed at the equator of the spindle in the dividing cells during early telophase. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id&#58;3398).
male meiotic spindle assembly (sensu Viridiplantae)
The formation of the spindle in male meiotic cells. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id&#58;33090).
female meiosis chromosome segregation
The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle in a female.
second mitotic wave (sensu Endopterygota)
A discrete cell cycle that occurs during the third instar eye imaginal disc after progression of the morphogenetic furrow. It is essential for generation of a sufficient pool of uncommitted cells to develop complete ommatidia. As in, but not restricted to, the Holometabola (Endopterygota, ncbi_taxonomy_id&#58;33392).
meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles takes place, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes. This occurs during meiosis.
chromosome migration to spindle pole during meiosis
chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis
meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
meiotic chromosome movement
female meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during female meiosis.
chromosome movement towards spindle pole during female meiosis
female meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
female meiotic chromosome movement
male meiotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole
The directed movement of chromosomes in the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during male meiosis.
chromosome movement towards spindle pole during male meiosis
male meiotic chromosome movement to spindle pole
male meiotic chromosome movement
modification by virus of host cell cycle regulation
Viral processes that modulate the rate of the host cell cycle to facilitate virus replication.
viral perturbation of cell cycle regulation
actin filament reorganization during cell cycle
The cell cycle process whereby rearrangement of the spatial distribution of actin filaments and associated proteins occurs.
actin filament reorganisation during cell cycle
regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the onset of anaphase (chromosome movement) in the mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus
The formation and maintenance of the spindle in the nucleus, as seen in Fungi during a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic spindle organisation and biogenesis in nucleus
spindle organization and biogenesis in nucleus during mitosis
mitotic spindle assembly (sensu Fungi)
mitotic spindle assembly (sensu Saccharomyces)
horsetail nuclear movement
The cell cycle process whereby oscillatory movement of the nucleus during meiotic prophase I occurs. This oscillatory movement is led by an astral microtubule array emanating from the spindle pole body, which may facilitate synapsis necessary for efficient meiotic recombination; as observed in S. pombe.
HNM
horsetail movement
cell cycle arrest in response to nitrogen starvation
The processes that lead to a halt in cell cycle progression (cessation of cell cycle transitions) as a result of deprivation of nitrogen.
regulation of centriole-centriole cohesion
Any process that modulates the extent to which the two centrioles within a centrosome remain tightly paired; may be mediated by the assembly and disassembly of a proteinaceous linker.
linear element formation
The cell cycle process whereby a proteinaceous scaffold, related to the synaptonemal complex, is formed in association with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase.
septation initiation signaling
The series of molecular signals, mediated by the small GTPase Ras, that results in the initiation of contraction of the contractile ring, at the begining of cytokinesis and cell division by septum formation. The pathway coordinates chromosome segregation with mitotic exit and cytokinesis.
septation initiation network
septation initiation signalling
SIN
regulation of septation initiation signaling
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
regulation of septation initiation network
regulation of septation initiation signalling
negative regulation of septation initiation signaling
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
down regulation of septation initiation signaling
down-regulation of septation initiation signaling
downregulation of septation initiation signaling
negative regulation of septation initiation network
negative regulation of septation initiation signalling
inhibition of septation initiation signaling
positive regulation of septation initiation signaling
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of septation initiation signaling.
positive regulation of septation initiation network
positive regulation of septation initiation signalling
up regulation of septation initiation signaling
up-regulation of septation initiation signaling
upregulation of septation initiation signaling
activation of septation initiation signaling
stimulation of septation initiation signaling
sister chromatid biorientation
The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids establish stable attachments to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles.
chromosome biorientation
sister kinetochore biorientation
collapsed replication fork processing
The process by which a DNA replication fork that has stalled (due to DNA damage, DNA secondary structure, bound proteins, dNTP shortage, or other causes) is repaired by a recombinational mechanism.
positive regulation of exit from mitosis
Any processactivates or increases the rate of progression from anaphase/telophase (high mitotic CDK activity) to G1 (low mitotic CDK activity).
up regulation of exit from mitosis
up-regulation of exit from mitosis
upregulation of exit from mitosis
activation of exit from mitosis
stimulation of exit from mitosis
cytokinesis checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures the correct temporal ordering of nuclear division and cytokinesis; arrests the cell cycle in G2 upon perturbation of cytokinetic structures. In Schizosaccharomyces, the checkpoint monitors formation and integrity of medial actomyosin ring and septum.
contractile ring checkpoint
cytokinesis, contractile ring maintenance
The cell cycle process whereby the contractile ring is maintained in response to the cytokinesis checkpoint; that is when cytokinesis is delayed awaiting completion of nuclear division or the correct formation of cytokinetic structures.
cell size control checkpoint
Any cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression until cells have reached a critical size.
G1/S transition size control checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase until cells have reached a critical size.
G2/M transition size control checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase until cells have reached a critical size.
DNA integrity checkpoint
Any cell cycle checkpoint that delays or arrests cell cycle progression in response to changes in DNA structure.
G1 DNA damage checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that arrests cell cycle progression G1 phase in response to DNA damage.
G2/M transition DNA damage checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that blocks cell cycle progression from G2 to M phase in response to DNA damage.
intra-S DNA damage checkpoint
The slowing of DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage by the prevention of new origin firing and the stabilization of slow replication fork progession.
S-M checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint which halts replication in response to nucleotide depletion.
G1/S transition checkpoint
Any cell cycle checkpoint that blocks entry into S phase.
G2/M transition checkpoint
Any cell cycle checkpoint that blocks entry into M phase.
G2/M checkpoint
spindle checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that delays the metaphase/anaphase transition until all chromosomes are attached to the spindle.
spindle assembly checkpoint
SAC
spindle orientation checkpoint
A cell cycle checkpoint that monitors and signals errors in the placement or orientation of the spindle in the cell. The result is a cell cycle delay, usually in mitosis, until errors are corrected.
SOC
spindle position checkpoint
SPOC
homologous chromosome orientation during meiosis
The cell cycle process whereby the sister centromeres of one chromosome attach to microtubules that emanate from the same spindle pole, which ensures that homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes are pulled in opposite directions at anaphase of meiosis I.
homologous chromosome orientation during meiosis I
G1/S-specific regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
G1/S-specific negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
G1/S-specific down regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G1/S-specific down-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G1/S-specific downregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G1/S-specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G1/S-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
G1/S-specific up regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G1/S-specific up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G1/S-specific upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G1/S-specific activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G1/S-specific stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
G2/M-specific negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
G2/M-specific down regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific down-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific downregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity during the G2/M transition of the cell cycle.
G2/M-specific up regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
G2/M-specific stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
regulation of contractile ring contraction during cytokinesis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of contraction of the actomyosin ring during cytokinesis.
attachment of telomeres to spindle pole body
The cell cycle process whereby physical connections are formed between telomeres and the spindle pole body, facilitating bouquet formation.
preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
The first nine mitotic division cycles of the insect embryo, during which the dividing nuclei lie deep in the interior of the egg and divide nearly synchronously. This is the first phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis.
syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Mitotic division cycles 10 to 13 of the insect embryo. This is the second phase of the syncytial period where nuclei divide in a common cytoplasm without cytokinesis. The majority of migrating nuclei reach the embryo surface during cycle 10, after which they divide less synchronously than before, and the syncytial blastoderm cycles lengthen progressively.
establishment of mitotic spindle localization
The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of the mitotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
mitotic spindle positioning
mitotic spindle positioning or orientation
spindle positioning during mitosis
mitotic spindle positioning (sensu Fungi)
mitotic spindle positioning (sensu Saccharomyces)
mitotic spindle positioning and orientation (sensu Saccharomyces)
mitotic spindle positioning or orientation (sensu Fungi)
regulation of meiosis
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis, the process by which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes.
polar body extrusion after meiotic divisions
The cell cycle process whereby two small cells are generated, as byproducts destined to degenerate, as a result of the first and second meiotic divisions of a primary oocyte during its development to a mature ovum. One polar body is formed in the first division of meiosis and the other in the second division; at each division, the cytoplasm divides unequally, so that the polar body is of much smaller size than the developing oocyte. At the second division in which a polar body is formed, the polar body and the developing oocyte each contain a haploid set of chromosomes.
meiotic DNA double-strand break formation
The cell cycle process whereby double-strand breaks are generated at defined hotspots throughout the genome during meiosis I. This results in the initiation of meiotic recombination.
early meiotic recombination nodule assembly
The assembly of small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during leptotene and zygotene.
late meiotic recombination nodule assembly
The assembly of small, electron dense structures in association with meiotic chromosomes during pachytene. Involved in the catalysis crossing over.
meiotic metaphase I plate congression
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis I.
meiotic metaphase II plate congression
The alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis II.
meiotic spindle stabilization
The cell cycle process whereby spindle integrity is maintained during M phase of meiosis.
mitotic spindle stabilization
The cell cycle process whereby spindle integrity is maintained during M phase of mitosis.
G0 to G1 transition
The transition from the G0 quiescent state to the G1 phase. Under certain conditions, cells exit the cell cycle during G1 and remain in the G0 state as nongrowing, non-dividing (quiescent) cells. Appropriate stimulation of such cells induces them to return to G1 and resume growth and division. The G0 to G1 transition is accompanied by many changes in the program of gene expression.
negative regulation of meiotic recombination
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of recombination during meiosis.
down regulation of meiotic recombination
down-regulation of meiotic recombination
downregulation of meiotic recombination
suppression of meiotic recombination
inhibition of meiotic recombination
meiotic chromosome segregation
The process by which genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during the meiotic cell cycle.
telomere clustering
The cell cycle process whereby the dynamic reorganization of telomeres occurs in early meiotic prophase, during which meiotic chromosome ends are gathered in a bouquet arrangement at the inner surface of the nuclear envelope proximal to the spindle pole body. This plays an important role in homologous chromosome pairing and therefore progression through meiosis.
bouquet biosynthesis
bouquet formation
homologous chromosome segregation
The cell cycle process whereby replicated homologous chromosomes are organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two sets during the first division of the meiotic cell cycle. Each replicated chromosome, composed of two sister chromatids, aligns at the cell equator, paired with its homologous partner; this pairing off, referred to as synapsis, permits genetic recombination. One homolog (both sister chromatids) of each morphologic type goes into each of the resulting chromosome sets.
meiosis I, chromosome segregation
meiotic sister chromatid segregation
The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids are organized and then physically separated and randomly apportioned to two sets during the second division of the meiotic cell cycle.
meiosis II, chromosome segregation
mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo.
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
CDK inhibitor
cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor
down regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
down-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
downregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
negative regulation of CDK activity
inhibition of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of CDK activity.
positive regulation of CDK activity
up regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
up-regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
upregulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
stimulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity
negative regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity.
down regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of S phase of mitotic cell cycle activity.
up regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
activation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
stimulation of S phase of mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of progression through cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
down regulation of progression through cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through cell cycle
downregulation of progression through cell cycle
negative regulation of cell cycle progression
inhibition of progression through cell cycle
positive regulation of progression through cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle.
positive regulation of cell cycle progression
up regulation of progression through cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through cell cycle
upregulation of progression through cell cycle
activation of progression through cell cycle
stimulation of progression through cell cycle
negative regulation of meiosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
down regulation of meiosis
down-regulation of meiosis
downregulation of meiosis
inhibition of meiosis
positive regulation of meiosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of meiosis.
up regulation of meiosis
up-regulation of meiosis
upregulation of meiosis
activation of meiosis
stimulation of meiosis
negative regulation of mitosis
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
down regulation of mitosis
down-regulation of mitosis
downregulation of mitosis
inhibition of mitosis
positive regulation of mitosis
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis.
up regulation of mitosis
up-regulation of mitosis
upregulation of mitosis
activation of mitosis
mitogenic activity
stimulation of mitosis
negative regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition.
down regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
down-regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
downregulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
inhibition of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
positive regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the mitotic metaphase to anaphase transition.
up regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
up-regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
upregulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
activation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
stimulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
regulation of transcription, mitotic
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis.
mitotic regulation of transcription
positive regulation of transcription, mitotic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during mitosis.
mitotic activation of transcription
up regulation of transcription, mitotic
up-regulation of transcription, mitotic
upregulation of transcription, mitotic
activation of transcription, mitotic
stimulation of transcription, mitotic
negative regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
down regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
inhibition of progression through mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression
up regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
activation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
stimulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.
down regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
inhibition of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the embryonic mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression
up regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
up-regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
upregulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
activation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
stimulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic
negative regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
down regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
inhibition of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle progression
up regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
activation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
stimulation of progression through preblastoderm mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
down regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
negative regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
inhibition of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
positive regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of syncytial blastoderm cell cycle progression
up regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
activation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
stimulation of progression through syncytial blastoderm mitotic cell cycle
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis.
mitotic regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter
regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter, mitotic
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase I promoter during mitosis.
mitotic activation of transcription from Pol I promoter
positive regulation of transcription from Pol I promoter, mitotic
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase I promoter, mitotic
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis.
mitotic regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter
regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter, mitotic
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter during mitosis.
mitotic activation of transcription from Pol II promoter
positive regulation of transcription from Pol II promoter, mitotic
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, mitotic
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis.
mitotic regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter
regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter, mitotic
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase III promoter during mitosis.
mitotic activation of transcription from Pol III promoter
positive regulation of transcription from Pol III promoter, mitotic
up regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
up-regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
upregulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
activation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
stimulation of transcription from RNA polymerase III promoter, mitotic
regulation of centriole replication
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the formation of a daughter centriole of an existing centriole.
negative regulation of centriole replication
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
down regulation of centriole replication
down-regulation of centriole replication
downregulation of centriole replication
inhibition of centriole replication
positive regulation of centriole replication
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centriole replication.
up regulation of centriole replication
up-regulation of centriole replication
upregulation of centriole replication
activation of centriole replication
stimulation of centriole replication
regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the separation of duplicated centrosome components at the beginning of mitosis.
negative regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.
down regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
down-regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
downregulation of mitotic centrosome separation
inhibition of mitotic centrosome separation
positive regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of centrosome separation.
up regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
up-regulation of mitotic centrosome separation
upregulation of mitotic centrosome separation
activation of mitotic centrosome separation
stimulation of mitotic centrosome separation
regulation of centrosome cycle
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle, the processes of centrosome duplication and separation.
negative regulation of centrosome cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.
down regulation of centrosome cycle
down-regulation of centrosome cycle
downregulation of centrosome cycle
inhibition of centrosome cycle
positive regulation of centrosome cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of the centrosome cycle.
up regulation of centrosome cycle
up-regulation of centrosome cycle
upregulation of centrosome cycle
activation of centrosome cycle
stimulation of centrosome cycle
suppression by virus of host cell cycle arrest
Viral interference in host cell processes that lead cell cycle arrest, allowing cell division to occur.
negative regulation by virus of cell cycle arrest
viral inhibition of cell cycle arrest
replication fork protection
Processes preventing the collapse of stalled replication forks.
replication fork maintenance
replication fork stabilization
chiasma formation
The cell cycle process whereby a connection between chromatids forms, indicating where an exchange of homologous segments has taken place by the crossing-over of non-sister chromatids.
regulation of transcription, meiotic
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis.
meiotic regulation of transcription
negative regulation of transcription, meiotic
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis.
down regulation of transcription, meiotic
down-regulation of transcription, meiotic
downregulation of transcription, meiotic
meiotic repression of transcription
negative regulation of meiotic transcription
inhibition of transcription, meiotic
positive regulation of transcription, meiotic
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription during meiosis.
positive regulation of meiotic transcription
up regulation of transcription, meiotic
up-regulation of transcription, meiotic
upregulation of transcription, meiotic
activation of transcription, meiotic
stimulation of transcription, meiotic
meiotic nuclear envelope disassembly
The cell cycle process whereby the controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during meiotic cell division occurs.
meiotic nuclear envelope breakdown
meiotic nuclear envelope catabolism
meiotic nuclear envelope degradation
meiosis I nuclear envelope disassembly
The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the first division of meiosis.
meiosis I nuclear envelope breakdown
meiosis I nuclear envelope catabolism
meiosis I nuclear envelope degradation
meiosis II nuclear envelope disassembly
The controlled breakdown of the nuclear envelope during the second division of meiosis.
meiosis II nuclear envelope breakdown
meiosis II nuclear envelope catabolism
meiosis II nuclear envelope degradation
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion
The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the entire length of the chromosome during meiosis.
meiotic chromosome decondensation
The cell cycle process whereby chromosome structure is altered from the condensed form held during meiosis to the relaxed dispersed form held in resting cells.
meiotic spindle assembly
The formation of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
meiotic spindle biogenesis
meiotic spindle biosynthesis
meiotic spindle formation
spindle assembly during meiosis
spindle biogenesis during meiosis
spindle formation during meiosis
bipolar spindle biosynthesis
bipolar spindle formation
mitotic spindle assembly
The formation of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic spindle biogenesis
mitotic spindle biosynthesis
mitotic spindle formation
spindle assembly during mitosis
spindle biogenesis during mitosis
spindle formation during mitosis
mitotic spindle disassembly
The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic spindle breakdown
mitotic spindle catabolism
mitotic spindle degradation
spindle breakdown during mitosis
spindle degradation during mitosis
spindle disassembly during mitosis
meiotic spindle disassembly
The controlled breakdown of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
meiotic spindle breakdown
meiotic spindle catabolism
meiotic spindle degradation
spindle breakdown during meiosis
spindle degradation during meiosis
spindle disassembly during meiosis
meiotic spindle elongation
The lengthening of the distance between poles of the spindle during a meiotic cell cycle.
spindle elongation during meiosis
mitotic spindle midzone assembly
The formation of the mitotic spindle midzone, the area in the center of the mitotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
mitotic spindle midzone biogenesis
mitotic spindle midzone biosynthesis
mitotic spindle midzone formation
spindle midzone assembly during mitosis
spindle midzone biogenesis during mitosis
spindle midzone formation during mitosis
meiotic spindle midzone assembly
The formation of the meiotic spindle midzone, the area in the center of the meiotic spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
meiotic spindle midzone biogenesis
meiotic spindle midzone biosynthesis
meiotic spindle midzone formation
spindle midzone assembly during meiosis
spindle midzone biogenesis during meiosis
spindle midzone formation during meiosis
establishment of meiotic spindle localization
The cell cycle process whereby the directed movement of the meiotic spindle to a specific location in the cell occurs.
meiotic spindle positioning
spindle positioning during meiosis
establishment of meiotic spindle orientation
The processes that set the alignment of meiotic spindle relative to other cellular structures.
establishment of spindle orientation during meiosis
meiotic spindle orientation
orienting of meiotic spindle
centrosome duplication
The replication of a centrosome, a structure comprised of a pair of centrioles and peri-centriolar material from which a microtubule spindle apparatus is organized.
centrosome replication
centrosome separation
The process by which duplicated centrosome components move away from each other. The centriole pair within each centrosome becomes part of a separate microtubule organizing center that nucleates a radial array of microtubules called an aster. The two asters move to opposite sides of the nucleus to form the two poles of the mitotic spindle.
mitotic sister chromatid separation
The process by which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during mitosis.
chromosome separation during mitosis
mitotic chromosome separation
sister chromatid separation during mitosis
meiotic chromosome separation
The process by which chromosomes are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
chromosome separation during meiosis
male meiosis chromosome separation
The process by which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during male meiosis.
chromosome separation during male meiosis
female meiosis chromosome separation
The process by which paired chromosomes are physically detached from each other during female meiosis.
chromosome separation during female meiosis
meiotic metaphase plate congression
The cell cycle process whereby chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate, a plane halfway between the poles of the meiotic spindle, during meiosis.
metaphase plate congression during meiosis
attachment of spindle microtubules to mitotic chromosome
The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with a chromosome during mitosis.
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during mitosis
The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during mitosis. During mitosis, the kinetochores of sister chromosomes are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs.
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiotic chromosome segregation
The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiotic chromosome segregation.
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis
attachment of spindle microtubules to meiotic chromosome
The cell cycle process whereby spindle microtubules become physically associated with a chromosome during meiosis.
G1 phase
Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis) and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
G2 phase
Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of DNA segregation (usually by mitosis or meiosis).
S phase
Progression through S phase, the part of the cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place.
meiotic cell cycle
Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell.
anaphase
Progression through anaphase, the third stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, sister chromatids (or homologous chromosomes) separate and migrate towards the poles of the spindle.
metaphase
Progression through metaphase, the second stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, chromosomes become aligned on the equatorial plate of the cell.
prophase
Progression through prophase, the first stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, chromosomes condense and the two daughter centrioles and their asters migrate toward the poles of the cell.
interphase
Progression through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs.
karyostasis
resting phase
telophase
Progression through telophase, the last stage of chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. Canonically, telophase begins when the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and the division of the cytoplasm starts.
M phase of meiotic cell cycle
Progression through M phase, the part of the meiotic cell cycle during which meiosis and cytokinesis take place.
interphase of meiotic cell cycle
Progression through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of meiosis. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs.
interphase of mitotic cell cycle
Progression through interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of mitosis. Canonically, interphase is the stage of the cell cycle during which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs.
G1 phase of meiotic cell cycle
Progression through G1 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the meiotic cell cycle; G1 is the interval between the completion of meiosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis.
G2 phase of meiotic cell cycle
Progression through G2 phase, one of two 'gap' phases in the meiotic cell cycle; G2 is the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of meiosis.
S phase of meiotic cell cycle
Progression through S phase, the part of the meiotic cell cycle during which DNA synthesis takes place.
meiotic nuclear envelope reassembly
The cell cycle process whereby the reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis occurs.
meiosis I nuclear envelope reassembly
The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis I.
meiosis II nuclear envelope reassembly
The reformation of the nuclear envelope during meiosis II.
interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organizing center
The 'de novo' formation of a microtubule by the interphase microtubule organizing center during interphase, the stage of cell cycle between successive rounds of chromosome segregation.
IMTOC-mediated microtubule nucleation during interphase
interphase microtubule nucleation by interphase microtubule organising centre
interphase microtubule organizing center-mediated microtubule nucleation during interphase
microtubule nucleation during interphase by IMTOC
microtubule nucleation during interphase by interphase microtubule organizing center
negative regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle.
down regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
down-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
downregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
anaphase promoting complex inhibition during mitotic cell cycle
anaphase-promoting complex inhibition during mitotic cell cycle
APC inhibition during mitotic cell cycle
inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
mitotic anaphase promoting complex inhibition
mitotic anaphase promoting complex inhibitor
mitotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibition
mitotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibitor
mitotic APC inhibition
mitotic APC inhibitor
mitotic SCF complex inhibitor
mitotic ubiquitin ligase inhibitor
positive regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle.
up regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
up-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
upregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
activation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
mitotic SCF complex activator
mitotic ubiquitin ligase activator
stimulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the mitotic cell cycle.
mitotic ubiquitin ligase regulator
mitotic ubiquitin-protein ligase regulator
regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during mitotic cell cycle
mitotic anaphase-promoting complex regulator
mitotic APC regulator
mitotic SCF complex regulator
regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
A cell cycle process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
meiotic ubiquitin ligase regulator
meiotic ubiquitin-protein ligase regulator
regulation of ubiquitin-protein ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
meiotic anaphase-promoting complex regulator
meiotic APC regulator
meiotic SCF complex regulator
positive regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
Any process that activates, maintains or increases the rate of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
up regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
up-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
upregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
activation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
meiotic SCF complex activator
meiotic ubiquitin ligase activator
stimulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
negative regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of ubiquitin ligase activity during the meiotic cell cycle.
down regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
down-regulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
downregulation of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
anaphase promoting complex inhibition during meiotic cell cycle
anaphase-promoting complex inhibition during meiotic cell cycle
APC inhibition during meiotic cell cycle
inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity during meiotic cell cycle
meiotic anaphase promoting complex inhibition
meiotic anaphase promoting complex inhibitor
meiotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibition
meiotic anaphase-promoting complex inhibitor
meiotic APC inhibition
meiotic APC inhibitor
meiotic SCF complex inhibitor
meiotic ubiquitin ligase inhibitor
regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the mitotic cell cycle.
meiotic cell cycle regulator
control of meiotic cell cycle progression
meiotic cell cycle control
meiotic cell cycle modulation
meiotic cell cycle regulation
modulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
regulation of meiotic cell cycle
regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
positive regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
up regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
up-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
upregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
activation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
stimulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
negative regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle.
down regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
down-regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
downregulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle
negative regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression
inhibition of progression through meiotic cell cycle
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis I
Note that the synonym 'monopolar attachment' refers to the normal attachment of sister chromosomes to the spindle in meiosis I, and not to the aberrant attachment of sister kinetochores to a single pole in mitosis.
The process by which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis I. During meiosis I sister kinetochores are lying next to each other facing the same spindle pole and monopolar attachment of the chromatid to the spindle occurs.
monopolar attachment
sister kinetochore monoorientation
attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochore during meiosis II
The process by which spindle microtubules become physically associated with the proteins making up the kinetochore complex during meiosis II. During meiosis II sister kinetochores are situated facing opposite spindle poles and bipolar attachment of the sister chromosomes to the spindle occurs.
anaphase-promoting complex activation during meiotic cell cycle
Any process that initiatiates the ubiquitin ligase activity of the anaphase-promoting complex during the meiotic cell cycle.
activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase promoting complex during meiotic cell cycle
activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of anaphase-promoting complex during meiotic cell cycle
activation of ubiquitin ligase activity of APC during meiotic cell cycle
anaphase promoting complex activation during meiotic cell cycle
APC activation during meiotic cell cycle
meiotic anaphase promoting complex activation
meiotic APC activation
meiotic anaphase promoting complex activator
meiotic anaphase-promoting complex activator
meiotic APC activator
meiotic recombination checkpoint
A checkpoint during late prophase I (pachytene) which prevents segregation of homologous chromosomes until recombination is completed and ensures proper distribution of the genetic material to the gametes.
pachytene checkpoint
regulation of cell cycle
A cell cycle process that modulates the rate, extent or mode of the cell cycle.
cell cycle control
cell cycle modulation
cell cycle regulation
cell cycle switching, meiotic to mitotic cell cycle
The process by which a cell switches cell cycle mode from meiotic to mitotic division.
conversion to mitotic cell cycle
entry into mitotic cell cycle
initiation of mitotic cell cycle
cell cycle switching, meiotis to mitosis
conversion to mitosis
entry into mitosis
initiation of mitosis
mitotic entry
cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
The process by which a cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
conversion to meiotic cell cycle
entry into meiotic cell cycle
initiation of meiotic cell cycle
cell cycle switching, mitotis to meiosis
conversion to meiosis
entry into meiosis
initiation of meiosis
meiotic entry
germline cell cycle switching, mitotic to meiotic cell cycle
The process by which a germline cell switches cell cycle mode from mitotic to meiotic division.
germline conversion to meiotic cell cycle
germline entry into meiotic cell cycle
germline initiation of meiotic cell cycle
germline cell cycle switching, mitotis to meiosis
germline conversion to meiosis
germline entry into meiosis
germline initiation of meiosis
germline meiotic entry
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, centromeric
The cell cycle process whereby centromeres of sister chromatids are joined during meiosis.
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion at centromere
sister chromatid cohesion at centromere at meiosis I
meiotic sister chromatid arm separation
The cell cycle process whereby sister chromatid arms are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
meiotic sister chromatid centromere separation
The cell cycle process whereby the centromeres of sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
meiotic sister chromatid separation
The process by which sister chromatids are physically detached from each other during meiosis.
homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis I
The directed movement of homologous chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis I.
meiosis I, homologous chromosome movement towards spindle pole
sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole during meiosis II
The directed movement of sister chromosomes from the center of the spindle towards the spindle poles, mediated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, during meiosis II.
meiosis II, sister chromosome movement towards spindle pole
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion, arms
The cell cycle process whereby the sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome are joined along the length of the chromosome arms during meiosis.
meiotic sister chromatid cohesion along arms
sister chromatid cohesion along arms at meiosis I
lateral element assembly
The cell cycle process whereby lateral elements are formed. Axial elements form a proteinaceous core between the two sister chromatids of each chromosome; the two axial elements then connect along their entire lengths by fine fibers known as transverse filaments, forming the lateral elements.
maintenance of contractile ring localization
The processes by which a contractile ring is maintained in a location and prevented from moving elsewhere.
cytokinetic ring anchoring
cell cycle arrest of committed forebrain neuronal progenitor cell
The process by which progression through the cell cycle is halted in a cell that has been committed to become a neuron that will reside in the forebrain.
cell cycle process
A cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
cell cycle phase
A cell cycle process composed of one of the morphological steps through which a cell progresses during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events.
spindle elongation
The cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
spindle midzone assembly
The cell cycle process whereby spindle midzone is formed. The spindle midzone is the area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
spindle midzone biogenesis
spindle midzone biosynthesis
spindle midzone formation
chromosome separation
The cell cycle process whereby paired chromosomes are detached from each other. In budding yeast, this includes the cleavage of cohesin complexes along the chromosome arms, followed by the separation of the centromeric regions.
distributive segregation
The cell cycle process whereby genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, is organized and then physically separated and apportioned to two or more sets during a normally chiasmate meiosis under the condition that chiasma have not occurred between a particular pair of homologs. Distributive segregation is a \"backup\" mechanism to ensure the segregation of homologs that have failed to cross over -- either as a consequence of mutation or not, as, for example, the 4th chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster (which never exchanges, presumably due to its small size) -- but nevertheless segregate normally.
regulation of spindle elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the spindle.
regulation of mitotic spindle elongation
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the cell cycle process whereby the distance is lengthened between poles of the mitotic spindle.
Tetrapoda organism
Ascomycota organism
Theria organism
Homo sapiens organism
Coelomata organism
Euteleostomi organism
rosids organism
Schizosaccharomyces organism
Streptophyta organism
Magnoliophyta organism
organism
Viridiplantae organism
Schizosaccharomycetales organism
Saccharomycetales organism
eudicotyledons organism
Saccharomyces cerevisiae organism
Schizosaccharomyces pombe organism
Euphyllophyta organism
Saccharomyces organism
Metazoa organism
Homo/Pan/Gorilla group organism
Brassicales organism
Embryophyta organism
Schizosaccharomycetes organism
Fungi organism
Teleostomi organism
Brassicaceae organism
Primates organism
Hominoidea organism
Tracheophyta organism
Spermatophyta organism
Eukaryota organism
Arabidopsis thaliana organism
Saccharomycetaceae organism
Bilateria organism
Vertebrata organism
core eudicotyledons organism
Saccharomycotina organism
Saccharomycetes organism
cellular organisms organism
Fungi/Metazoa group organism
Amniota organism
Deuterostomia organism
Craniata organism
Chordata organism
Catarrhini organism
Simiiformes organism
Eumetazoa organism
Gnathostomata organism
Sarcopterygii organism
Streptophytina organism
Homo organism
Euarchontoglires organism
Schizosaccharomycetaceae organism
Mammalia organism
Eutheria organism
Arabidopsis organism
Hominidae organism
Haplorrhini organism
eurosids II organism
cell-cycle entity
A process or continuant.
cell cycle entity
cell-cycle continuant
Entities which endure, or continue to exist, through time while undergoing different sort of changes, including changes of place.
cell cycle continuant
endurant
thing
cell-cycle process
Entities that unfold themselves in successive temporal phases.
perdurant
ocurrent
biopolymer
A polymer, such as a protein, nucleic acid, or transcript, ocurring in, or formed by, living systems.
bio-polymer
gene
A locatable region of genomic sequence, corresponding to a unit of inheritance, which is associated with regulatory regions, transcribed regions and/or other functional sequence regions.
protein
One or more polypeptides which may, or may not, be covalently bonded, and which assume a native secondary and tertiary structure.
transcript
An RNA synthesized on a DNA or RNA template by an RNA polymerase.
cell cycle protein
Cell cycle proteins are polymeric macromolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, usually coiled and folded into complex globular or fibrous structures.
cell cycle gene
Cell cycle units of heredity which (except for polygenes) may be regarded as the controlling agents in the expression of single phenotypic characters and are usually segments of a chromosome at fixed positions relative to each other.
interaction
complex
Any distinct chemical species in which two or more identical or nonidentical chemical species are associated.
modified protein
A modified protein
cell cycle modified protein
A cell cycle protein which underwent any sort of modification (e.g. phosphorylation)
A protein which underwent any sort of modification (e.g. phosphorylation)
physical association
adjacent_to
Note that adjacent_to as thus defined is not a symmetric relation, in contrast to its instance-level counterpart. For it can be the case that Cs are in general such as to be adjacent to instances of C1 while no analogous statement holds for C1s in general in relation to instances of C. Examples are: nuclear membrane adjacent_to cytoplasm; seminal vesicle adjacent_to urinary bladder; ovary adjacent_to parietal pelvic peritoneum
C adjacent to C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c and c' are in spatial proximity
agent_in
association
Ternary relationship. See http://www.w3.org/TR/swbp-n-aryRelations/ for the OWL equivalent. The dissociation is a reversible splitting into simpler entities.
C in association with C' produces C'' if and only if for all c belonging to C and c' belongin to C', exists a c'' (belonging to C'') which is the result of the reversible union between c and c'.
catalyses
C inhibits P if and only if for all c (inhibitor) belonging to C, exists a p (belonging to P) which chemical reaction rate is reduced or prevented by c.
C catalyses P if and only if for all c (catalyst) belonging to C, exists a p (belonging to P) which chemical reaction rate is increased by c.
activates
codes_for
g encodes for p where g a Gene and p is a Protein.
produces
encodes_for
contained_in
Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition):
C contained_in C' if and only if: given any instance c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c located_in c' at t, and it is not the case that c *overlaps* c' at t. (c' is a conduit or cavity.)
contains
degradates
C is degradated (into NIL) if and only if for all c belonging to C, exists c', c'', ... (belonging to C', C'', ...) which are the result of any undesired breakdown of c with impairment or loss of its characteristic properties.
decomposition
catabolism
derived_into
derives_from
Derivation as a relation between instances. The temporal relation of derivation is more complex. Transformation, on the instance level, is just the relation of identity: each adult is identical to some child existing at some earlier time. Derivation on the instance-level is a relation holding between non-identicals. More precisely, it holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. Thus we will have axioms to the effect that from c derives_from c1 we can infer that c and c1 are not identical and that there is some instant of time t such that c1 exists only prior to and c only subsequent to t. We will also be able to infer that the spatial region occupied by c as it begins to exist at t overlaps with the spatial region occupied by c1 as it ceases to exist in the same instant.
Derivation on the instance level (*derives_from*) holds between distinct material continuants when one succeeds the other across a temporal divide in such a way that at least a biologically significant portion of the matter of the earlier continuant is inherited by the later. We say that one class C derives_from class C' if instances of C are connected to instances of C' via some chain of instance-level derivation relations. Example: osteocyte derives_from osteoblast. Formally: C derives_immediately_from C' if and only if: given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then there is some c' and some t', such that c' instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier-than t and c *derives_from* c'. C derives_from C' if and only if: there is an chain of immediate derivation relations connecting C to C'.
encoded_by
p is encoded by g where p is a Protein and g a Gene.
is_produced_by
coded_by
has_agent
As for has_participant, but with the additional condition that the component instance is causally active in the relevant process
has_function
has_improper_part
has_integral_part
has_part
has_participant
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t
has_proper_part
has_source
o originates from O where o is a gene or gene product and O an organism.
improper_part_of
As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object may be identical
integral_part_of
C integral_part_of C' if and only if&#58; C part_of C' AND C' has_part C
interacts_with
C interacts_with C' if and only if for all c belonging to C, exists a c' (belonging to C') which plays a role with c'.
located_in
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
C located_in C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that: c' instantiates C' at time t and c *located_in* c'. (Here *located_in* is the instance-level location relation.)
location_of
part_of
Parthood as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation p part_of p1 is illustrated in assertions such as: this instance of rhodopsin mediated phototransduction part_of this instance of visual perception. This relation satisfies at least the following standard axioms of mereology: reflexivity (for all p, p part_of p); anti-symmetry (for all p, p1, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p then p and p1 are identical); and transitivity (for all p, p1, p2, if p part_of p1 and p1 part_of p2, then p part_of p2). Analogous axioms hold also for parthood as a relation between spatial regions. For parthood as a relation between continuants, these axioms need to be modified to take account of the incorporation of a temporal argument. Thus for example the axiom of transitivity for continuants will assert that if c part_of c1 at t and c1 part_of c2 at t, then also c part_of c2 at t. Parthood as a relation between classes: To define part_of as a relation between classes we again need to distinguish the two cases of continuants and processes, even though the explicit reference to instants of time now falls away. For continuants, we have C part_of C1 if and only if any instance of C at any time is an instance-level part of some instance of C1 at that time, as for example in: cell nucleus part_ of cell.
For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation.)
participates_in
C participates_in P if and only if: given any continuant c that instantiates C there is some process p, and some time t, such that: p has part c at t
preceded_by
An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other.
P preceded_by P' if and only if&#58; given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t.
precedes
proper_part_of
As for part_of, with the additional constraint that subject and object are distinct
relationship
A relationship between two classes (terms). Relationships between classes are expressed in terms of relations on underlying instances.
source_of
O source of o where O is an organism and o a gene or gene product.
transformation_of
When an embryonic oenocyte (a type of insect cell) is transformed into a larval oenocyte, one and the same continuant entity preserves its identity while instantiating distinct classes at distinct times. The class-level relation transformation_of obtains between continuant classes C and C1 wherever each instance of the class C is such as to have existed at some earlier time as an instance of the distinct class C1 (see Figure 2 in paper). This relation is illustrated first of all at the molecular level of granularity by the relation between mature RNA and the pre-RNA from which it is processed, or between (UV-induced) thymine-dimer and thymine dinucleotide. At coarser levels of granularity it is illustrated by the transformations involved in the creation of red blood cells, for example, from reticulocyte to erythrocyte, and by processes of development, for example, from larva to pupa, or from (post-gastrular) embryo to fetus or from child to adult. It is also manifest in pathological transformations, for example, of normal colon into carcinomatous colon. In each such case, one and the same continuant entity instantiates distinct classes at different times in virtue of phenotypic changes.
Relation between two classes, in which instances retain their identity yet change their classification by virtue of some kind of transformation. Formally&#58; C transformation_of C' if and only if given any c and any t, if c instantiates C at time t, then for some t', c instantiates C' at t' and t' earlier t, and there is no t2 such that c instantiates C at t2 and c instantiates C' at t2.
transforms_into