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annotate planemo/lib/python3.7/site-packages/humanfriendly/text.py @ 1:56ad4e20f292 draft

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"planemo upload commit 6eee67778febed82ddd413c3ca40b3183a3898f1"
author guerler
date Fri, 31 Jul 2020 00:32:28 -0400
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Ignore whitespace changes - Everywhere: Within whitespace: At end of lines:
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1 # Human friendly input/output in Python.
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2 #
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3 # Author: Peter Odding <peter@peterodding.com>
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4 # Last Change: March 1, 2020
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5 # URL: https://humanfriendly.readthedocs.io
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6
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7 """
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8 Simple text manipulation functions.
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9
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10 The :mod:`~humanfriendly.text` module contains simple functions to manipulate text:
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11
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12 - The :func:`concatenate()` and :func:`pluralize()` functions make it easy to
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13 generate human friendly output.
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14
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15 - The :func:`format()`, :func:`compact()` and :func:`dedent()` functions
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16 provide a clean and simple to use syntax for composing large text fragments
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17 with interpolated variables.
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18
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19 - The :func:`tokenize()` function parses simple user input.
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20 """
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21
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22 # Standard library modules.
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23 import math
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24 import numbers
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25 import random
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26 import re
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27 import string
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28 import textwrap
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29
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30 # Public identifiers that require documentation.
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31 __all__ = (
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32 'compact',
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33 'compact_empty_lines',
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34 'concatenate',
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35 'dedent',
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36 'format',
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37 'generate_slug',
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38 'is_empty_line',
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39 'join_lines',
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40 'pluralize',
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41 'random_string',
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42 'split',
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43 'split_paragraphs',
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44 'tokenize',
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45 'trim_empty_lines',
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46 )
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47
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48
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49 def compact(text, *args, **kw):
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50 '''
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51 Compact whitespace in a string.
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52
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53 Trims leading and trailing whitespace, replaces runs of whitespace
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54 characters with a single space and interpolates any arguments using
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55 :func:`format()`.
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56
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57 :param text: The text to compact (a string).
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58 :param args: Any positional arguments are interpolated using :func:`format()`.
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59 :param kw: Any keyword arguments are interpolated using :func:`format()`.
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60 :returns: The compacted text (a string).
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61
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62 Here's an example of how I like to use the :func:`compact()` function, this
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63 is an example from a random unrelated project I'm working on at the moment::
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64
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65 raise PortDiscoveryError(compact("""
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66 Failed to discover port(s) that Apache is listening on!
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67 Maybe I'm parsing the wrong configuration file? ({filename})
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68 """, filename=self.ports_config))
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69
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70 The combination of :func:`compact()` and Python's multi line strings allows
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71 me to write long text fragments with interpolated variables that are easy
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72 to write, easy to read and work well with Python's whitespace
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73 sensitivity.
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74 '''
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75 non_whitespace_tokens = text.split()
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76 compacted_text = ' '.join(non_whitespace_tokens)
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77 return format(compacted_text, *args, **kw)
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78
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79
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80 def compact_empty_lines(text):
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81 """
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82 Replace repeating empty lines with a single empty line (similar to ``cat -s``).
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83
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84 :param text: The text in which to compact empty lines (a string).
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85 :returns: The text with empty lines compacted (a string).
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86 """
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87 i = 0
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88 lines = text.splitlines(True)
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89 while i < len(lines):
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90 if i > 0 and is_empty_line(lines[i - 1]) and is_empty_line(lines[i]):
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91 lines.pop(i)
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92 else:
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93 i += 1
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94 return ''.join(lines)
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95
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96
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97 def concatenate(items):
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98 """
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99 Concatenate a list of items in a human friendly way.
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100
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101 :param items: A sequence of strings.
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102 :returns: A single string.
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103
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104 >>> from humanfriendly.text import concatenate
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105 >>> concatenate(["eggs", "milk", "bread"])
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106 'eggs, milk and bread'
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107 """
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108 items = list(items)
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109 if len(items) > 1:
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110 return ', '.join(items[:-1]) + ' and ' + items[-1]
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111 elif items:
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112 return items[0]
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113 else:
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114 return ''
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115
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116
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117 def dedent(text, *args, **kw):
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118 """
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119 Dedent a string (remove common leading whitespace from all lines).
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120
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121 Removes common leading whitespace from all lines in the string using
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122 :func:`textwrap.dedent()`, removes leading and trailing empty lines using
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123 :func:`trim_empty_lines()` and interpolates any arguments using
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124 :func:`format()`.
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125
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126 :param text: The text to dedent (a string).
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127 :param args: Any positional arguments are interpolated using :func:`format()`.
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128 :param kw: Any keyword arguments are interpolated using :func:`format()`.
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129 :returns: The dedented text (a string).
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130
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131 The :func:`compact()` function's documentation contains an example of how I
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132 like to use the :func:`compact()` and :func:`dedent()` functions. The main
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133 difference is that I use :func:`compact()` for text that will be presented
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134 to the user (where whitespace is not so significant) and :func:`dedent()`
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135 for data file and code generation tasks (where newlines and indentation are
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136 very significant).
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137 """
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138 dedented_text = textwrap.dedent(text)
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139 trimmed_text = trim_empty_lines(dedented_text)
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140 return format(trimmed_text, *args, **kw)
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141
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142
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143 def format(text, *args, **kw):
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144 """
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145 Format a string using the string formatting operator and/or :meth:`str.format()`.
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146
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147 :param text: The text to format (a string).
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148 :param args: Any positional arguments are interpolated into the text using
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149 the string formatting operator (``%``). If no positional
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150 arguments are given no interpolation is done.
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151 :param kw: Any keyword arguments are interpolated into the text using the
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152 :meth:`str.format()` function. If no keyword arguments are given
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153 no interpolation is done.
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154 :returns: The text with any positional and/or keyword arguments
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155 interpolated (a string).
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156
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157 The implementation of this function is so trivial that it seems silly to
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158 even bother writing and documenting it. Justifying this requires some
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159 context :-).
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160
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161 **Why format() instead of the string formatting operator?**
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162
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163 For really simple string interpolation Python's string formatting operator
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164 is ideal, but it does have some strange quirks:
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165
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166 - When you switch from interpolating a single value to interpolating
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167 multiple values you have to wrap them in tuple syntax. Because
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168 :func:`format()` takes a `variable number of arguments`_ it always
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169 receives a tuple (which saves me a context switch :-). Here's an
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170 example:
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171
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172 >>> from humanfriendly.text import format
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173 >>> # The string formatting operator.
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174 >>> print('the magic number is %s' % 42)
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175 the magic number is 42
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176 >>> print('the magic numbers are %s and %s' % (12, 42))
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177 the magic numbers are 12 and 42
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178 >>> # The format() function.
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179 >>> print(format('the magic number is %s', 42))
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180 the magic number is 42
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181 >>> print(format('the magic numbers are %s and %s', 12, 42))
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182 the magic numbers are 12 and 42
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183
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184 - When you interpolate a single value and someone accidentally passes in a
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185 tuple your code raises a :exc:`~exceptions.TypeError`. Because
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186 :func:`format()` takes a `variable number of arguments`_ it always
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187 receives a tuple so this can never happen. Here's an example:
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188
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189 >>> # How expecting to interpolate a single value can fail.
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190 >>> value = (12, 42)
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191 >>> print('the magic value is %s' % value)
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192 Traceback (most recent call last):
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193 File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
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194 TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting
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195 >>> # The following line works as intended, no surprises here!
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196 >>> print(format('the magic value is %s', value))
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197 the magic value is (12, 42)
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198
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199 **Why format() instead of the str.format() method?**
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200
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201 When you're doing complex string interpolation the :meth:`str.format()`
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202 function results in more readable code, however I frequently find myself
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203 adding parentheses to force evaluation order. The :func:`format()` function
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204 avoids this because of the relative priority between the comma and dot
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205 operators. Here's an example:
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206
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207 >>> "{adjective} example" + " " + "(can't think of anything less {adjective})".format(adjective='silly')
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208 "{adjective} example (can't think of anything less silly)"
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209 >>> ("{adjective} example" + " " + "(can't think of anything less {adjective})").format(adjective='silly')
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210 "silly example (can't think of anything less silly)"
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211 >>> format("{adjective} example" + " " + "(can't think of anything less {adjective})", adjective='silly')
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212 "silly example (can't think of anything less silly)"
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213
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214 The :func:`compact()` and :func:`dedent()` functions are wrappers that
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215 combine :func:`format()` with whitespace manipulation to make it easy to
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216 write nice to read Python code.
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217
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218 .. _variable number of arguments: https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/controlflow.html#arbitrary-argument-lists
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219 """
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220 if args:
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221 text %= args
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222 if kw:
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223 text = text.format(**kw)
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224 return text
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225
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226
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227 def generate_slug(text, delimiter="-"):
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228 """
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229 Convert text to a normalized "slug" without whitespace.
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230
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231 :param text: The original text, for example ``Some Random Text!``.
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232 :param delimiter: The delimiter used to separate words
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233 (defaults to the ``-`` character).
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234 :returns: The slug text, for example ``some-random-text``.
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235 :raises: :exc:`~exceptions.ValueError` when the provided
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236 text is nonempty but results in an empty slug.
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237 """
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238 slug = text.lower()
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239 escaped = delimiter.replace("\\", "\\\\")
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240 slug = re.sub("[^a-z0-9]+", escaped, slug)
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241 slug = slug.strip(delimiter)
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242 if text and not slug:
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243 msg = "The provided text %r results in an empty slug!"
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244 raise ValueError(format(msg, text))
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245 return slug
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246
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247
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248 def is_empty_line(text):
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249 """
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250 Check if a text is empty or contains only whitespace.
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251
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252 :param text: The text to check for "emptiness" (a string).
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253 :returns: :data:`True` if the text is empty or contains only whitespace,
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254 :data:`False` otherwise.
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255 """
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256 return len(text) == 0 or text.isspace()
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257
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258
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259 def join_lines(text):
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260 """
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261 Remove "hard wrapping" from the paragraphs in a string.
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262
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263 :param text: The text to reformat (a string).
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264 :returns: The text without hard wrapping (a string).
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265
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266 This function works by removing line breaks when the last character before
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267 a line break and the first character after the line break are both
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268 non-whitespace characters. This means that common leading indentation will
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269 break :func:`join_lines()` (in that case you can use :func:`dedent()`
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270 before calling :func:`join_lines()`).
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271 """
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272 return re.sub(r'(\S)\n(\S)', r'\1 \2', text)
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273
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274
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275 def pluralize(count, singular, plural=None):
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276 """
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277 Combine a count with the singular or plural form of a word.
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278
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279 If the plural form of the word is not provided it is obtained by
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280 concatenating the singular form of the word with the letter "s". Of course
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281 this will not always be correct, which is why you have the option to
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282 specify both forms.
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283
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284 :param count: The count (a number).
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285 :param singular: The singular form of the word (a string).
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286 :param plural: The plural form of the word (a string or :data:`None`).
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287 :returns: The count and singular/plural word concatenated (a string).
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288 """
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289 if not plural:
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290 plural = singular + 's'
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291 return '%s %s' % (count, singular if math.floor(float(count)) == 1 else plural)
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292
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293
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294 def random_string(length=(25, 100), characters=string.ascii_letters):
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295 """random_string(length=(25, 100), characters=string.ascii_letters)
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296 Generate a random string.
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297
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298 :param length: The length of the string to be generated (a number or a
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299 tuple with two numbers). If this is a tuple then a random
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300 number between the two numbers given in the tuple is used.
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301 :param characters: The characters to be used (a string, defaults
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302 to :data:`string.ascii_letters`).
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303 :returns: A random string.
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304
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305 The :func:`random_string()` function is very useful in test suites; by the
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306 time I included it in :mod:`humanfriendly.text` I had already included
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307 variants of this function in seven different test suites :-).
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308 """
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309 if not isinstance(length, numbers.Number):
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310 length = random.randint(length[0], length[1])
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311 return ''.join(random.choice(characters) for _ in range(length))
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312
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313
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314 def split(text, delimiter=','):
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315 """
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316 Split a comma-separated list of strings.
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317
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318 :param text: The text to split (a string).
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319 :param delimiter: The delimiter to split on (a string).
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320 :returns: A list of zero or more nonempty strings.
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321
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322 Here's the default behavior of Python's built in :meth:`str.split()`
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323 function:
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324
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325 >>> 'foo,bar, baz,'.split(',')
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326 ['foo', 'bar', ' baz', '']
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327
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328 In contrast here's the default behavior of the :func:`split()` function:
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329
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330 >>> from humanfriendly.text import split
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331 >>> split('foo,bar, baz,')
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332 ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
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333
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334 Here is an example that parses a nested data structure (a mapping of
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335 logging level names to one or more styles per level) that's encoded in a
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336 string so it can be set as an environment variable:
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337
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338 >>> from pprint import pprint
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339 >>> encoded_data = 'debug=green;warning=yellow;error=red;critical=red,bold'
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340 >>> parsed_data = dict((k, split(v, ',')) for k, v in (split(kv, '=') for kv in split(encoded_data, ';')))
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341 >>> pprint(parsed_data)
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342 {'debug': ['green'],
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343 'warning': ['yellow'],
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344 'error': ['red'],
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345 'critical': ['red', 'bold']}
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346 """
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347 return [token.strip() for token in text.split(delimiter) if token and not token.isspace()]
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348
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349
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350 def split_paragraphs(text):
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351 """
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352 Split a string into paragraphs (one or more lines delimited by an empty line).
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353
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354 :param text: The text to split into paragraphs (a string).
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355 :returns: A list of strings.
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356 """
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357 paragraphs = []
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358 for chunk in text.split('\n\n'):
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359 chunk = trim_empty_lines(chunk)
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360 if chunk and not chunk.isspace():
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361 paragraphs.append(chunk)
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362 return paragraphs
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363
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364
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365 def tokenize(text):
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366 """
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367 Tokenize a text into numbers and strings.
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368
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369 :param text: The text to tokenize (a string).
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370 :returns: A list of strings and/or numbers.
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371
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372 This function is used to implement robust tokenization of user input in
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373 functions like :func:`.parse_size()` and :func:`.parse_timespan()`. It
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374 automatically coerces integer and floating point numbers, ignores
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375 whitespace and knows how to separate numbers from strings even without
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376 whitespace. Some examples to make this more concrete:
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377
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378 >>> from humanfriendly.text import tokenize
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379 >>> tokenize('42')
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380 [42]
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381 >>> tokenize('42MB')
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382 [42, 'MB']
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383 >>> tokenize('42.5MB')
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384 [42.5, 'MB']
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385 >>> tokenize('42.5 MB')
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386 [42.5, 'MB']
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387 """
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388 tokenized_input = []
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389 for token in re.split(r'(\d+(?:\.\d+)?)', text):
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390 token = token.strip()
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391 if re.match(r'\d+\.\d+', token):
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392 tokenized_input.append(float(token))
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393 elif token.isdigit():
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394 tokenized_input.append(int(token))
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395 elif token:
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396 tokenized_input.append(token)
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397 return tokenized_input
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398
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399
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400 def trim_empty_lines(text):
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401 """
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402 Trim leading and trailing empty lines from the given text.
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403
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404 :param text: The text to trim (a string).
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405 :returns: The trimmed text (a string).
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406 """
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407 lines = text.splitlines(True)
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408 while lines and is_empty_line(lines[0]):
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409 lines.pop(0)
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410 while lines and is_empty_line(lines[-1]):
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411 lines.pop(-1)
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412 return ''.join(lines)