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annotate env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/aenum/README @ 0:26e78fe6e8c4 draft

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"planemo upload commit c699937486c35866861690329de38ec1a5d9f783"
author shellac
date Sat, 02 May 2020 07:14:21 -0400
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1 aenum --- support for advanced enumerations, namedtuples, and constants
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2 ===========================================================================
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3
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4 Advanced Enumerations (compatible with Python's stdlib Enum), NamedTuples,
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5 and NamedConstants
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6
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7 aenum includes a Python stdlib Enum-compatible data type, as well as a
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8 metaclass-based NamedTuple implementation and a NamedConstant class.
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9
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10 An Enum is a set of symbolic names (members) bound to unique, constant
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11 values. Within an enumeration, the members can be compared by identity, and
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12 the enumeration itself can be iterated over. If using Python 3 there is
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13 built-in support for unique values, multiple values, auto-numbering, and
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14 suspension of aliasing (members with the same value are not identical), plus
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15 the ability to have values automatically bound to attributes.
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16
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17 A NamedTuple is a class-based, fixed-length tuple with a name for each
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18 possible position accessible using attribute-access notation as well as the
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19 standard index notation.
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20
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21 A NamedConstant is a class whose members cannot be rebound; it lacks all other
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22 Enum capabilities, however; consequently, it can have duplicate values.
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23
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24
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25 Module Contents
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26 ---------------
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27
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28 ``NamedTuple``
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29 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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30 Base class for ``creating NamedTuples``, either by subclassing or via it's
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31 functional API.
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32
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33 ``Constant``
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34 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
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35 Constant class for creating groups of constants. These names cannot be rebound
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36 to other values.
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37
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38 ``Enum``
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39 ^^^^^^^^
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40 Base class for creating enumerated constants. See section ``Enum Functional API``
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41 for an alternate construction syntax.
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42
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43 ``IntEnum``
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44 ^^^^^^^^^^^
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45 Base class for creating enumerated constants that are also subclasses of ``int``.
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46
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47 ``AutoNumberEnum``
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48 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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49 Derived class that automatically assigns an ``int`` value to each member.
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50
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51 ``OrderedEnum``
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52 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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53 Derived class that adds ``<``, ``<=``, ``>=``, and ``>`` methods to an ``Enum``.
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54
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55 ``UniqueEnum``
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56 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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57 Derived class that ensures only one name is bound to any one value.
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58
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59 ``IntFlag``
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60 ^^^^^^^^^^^
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61 Base class for creating enumerated constants that can be combined using
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62 the bitwise operators without losing their ``IntFlag`` membership.
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63 ``IntFlag`` members are also subclasses of ``int``.
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64
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65 ``Flag``
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66 ^^^^^^^^
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67 Base class for creating enumerated constants that can be combined using
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68 the bitwise operations without losing their ``Flag`` membership.
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69
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70 ``unique``
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71 ^^^^^^^^^^
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72 Enum class decorator that ensures only one name is bound to any one value.
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73
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74 ``constant``
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75 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
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76 Descriptor to add constant values to an ``Enum``
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77
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78 ``convert``
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79 ^^^^^^^^^^^
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80 Helper to transform target global variables into an ``Enum``.
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81
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82 ``enum``
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83 ^^^^^^^^
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84 Helper for specifying keyword arguments when creating ``Enum`` members.
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85
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86 ``export``
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87 ^^^^^^^^^^
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88 Helper for inserting ``Enum`` members into a namespace (usually ``globals()``.
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89
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90 ``extend_enum``
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91 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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92 Helper for adding new ``Enum`` members after creation.
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93
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94 ``module``
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95 ^^^^^^^^^^
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96 Function to take a ``Constant`` or ``Enum`` class and insert it into
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97 ``sys.modules`` with the affect of a module whose top-level constant and
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98 member names cannot be rebound.
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99
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100 ``skip``
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101 ^^^^^^^^
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102 Descriptor to add a normal (non-``Enum`` member) attribute to an ``Enum``
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103 or ``Constant``.
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104
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105
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106 Creating an Enum
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107 ----------------
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108
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109 Enumerations can be created using the ``class`` syntax, which makes them
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110 easy to read and write. To define an enumeration, subclass ``Enum`` as
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111 follows::
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112
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113 >>> from aenum import Enum
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114 >>> class Color(Enum):
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115 ... RED = 1
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116 ... GREEN = 2
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117 ... BLUE = 3
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118
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119 The ``Enum`` class is also callable, providing the following functional API::
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120
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121 >>> Animal = Enum('Animal', 'ANT BEE CAT DOG')
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122 >>> Animal
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123 <enum 'Animal'>
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124 >>> Animal.ANT
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125 <Animal.ANT: 1>
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126 >>> Animal.ANT.value
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127 1
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128 >>> list(Animal)
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129 [<Animal.ANT: 1>, <Animal.BEE: 2>, <Animal.CAT: 3>, <Animal.DOG: 4>]
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130
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131 Note that ``Enum`` members are boolean ``True`` unless the ``__nonzero__``
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132 (Python 2) or ``__bool__`` (Python 3) method is overridden to provide
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133 different semantics.
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134
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135
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136 Creating a Flag
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137 ---------------
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138
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139 ``Flag`` (and ``IntFlag``) has members that can be combined with each other
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140 using the bitwise operators (&, \|, ^, ~). ``IntFlag`` members can be combined
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141 with ``int`` and other ``IntFlag`` members. While it is possible to specify
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142 the values directly it is recommended to use ``auto`` as the value and let
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143 ``(Int)Flag`` select an appropriate value::
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144
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145 >>> from enum import Flag
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146 >>> class Color(Flag):
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147 ... RED = auto()
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148 ... BLUE = auto()
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149 ... GREEN = auto()
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150 ...
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151 >>> Color.RED & Color.GREEN
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152 <Color.0: 0>
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153 >>> bool(Color.RED & Color.GREEN)
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154 False
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155 >>> Color.RED | Color.BLUE
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156 <Color.RED|BLUE: 3>
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157
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158 If you want to name the empty flag, or various combinations of flags, you may::
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159
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160 >>> class Color(Flag):
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161 ... BLACK = 0
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162 ... RED = auto()
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163 ... BLUE = auto()
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164 ... GREEN = auto()
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165 ... WHITE = RED | BLUE | GREEN
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166 ...
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167 >>> Color.BLACK
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168 <Color.BLACK: 0>
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169 >>> Color.WHITE
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170 <Color.WHITE: 7>
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171
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172 Note that ``(Int)Flag`` zero-value members have the usual boolean value of
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173 ``False``.
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174
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175
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176 Creating NamedTuples
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177 --------------------
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178
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179 Simple
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180 ^^^^^^
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181
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182 The most common way to create a new NamedTuple will be via the functional API::
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183
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184 >>> from aenum import NamedTuple
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185 >>> Book = NamedTuple('Book', 'title author genre', module=__name__)
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186
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187 Advanced
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188 ^^^^^^^^
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189
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190 The simple method of creating ``NamedTuples`` requires always specifying all
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191 possible arguments when creating instances; failure to do so will raise
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192 exceptions.
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193
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194 However, it is possible to specify both docstrings and default values when
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195 creating a ``NamedTuple`` using the class method::
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196
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197 >>> class Point(NamedTuple):
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198 ... x = 0, 'horizontal coordinate', 0
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199 ... y = 1, 'vertical coordinate', 0
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200 ...
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201 >>> Point()
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202 Point(x=0, y=0)
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203
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204
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205 Creating Constants
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206 ------------------
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207
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208 ``Constant`` is similar to ``Enum``, but do not support the ``Enum``
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209 protocols, and have no restrictions on duplications::
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210
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211 >>> class K(Constant):
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212 ... PI = 3.141596
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213 ... TAU = 2 * PI
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214 ...
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215 >>> K.TAU
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216 6.283192
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217
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218 More Information
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219 ----------------
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220
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221 Detailed documentation can be found at `<aenum/doc/aenum.rst>`_